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Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by fungi Aspergillus niger.

机译：黑曲霉真菌从水溶液中去除重金属。

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摘要

In this study, the potential of fungi Aspergillus niger to remove cadmium, copper, lead and nickel ions from an aqueous solution was evaluated. Several pretreatment alternatives were investigated for enhancing metal removal capacity of live A. niger biomass. Cadmium, copper and lead biosorption capacity increased by more than 240% in comparison with live A. niger biomass upon sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde, detergent and dimethyl sulphoxide pretreatment. Nickel biosorption was reduced by all the pretreatment alternatives tested and live biomass exhibited highest nickel removal capacity. The reduction in nickel biosorption by sodium hydroxide pretreatment in comparison with live cells was approximately 45%, while improvements in cadmium, lead, and copper by sodium hydroxide pretreatment in comparison with live biomass was more than 240%. Therefore, it was decided to conduct further metal biosorption studies using sodium hydroxide pretreated biomass.; The pH of the solution was found to strongly affect the degree of biosorption of cadmium, copper, lead and nickel ions on pretreated biomass. Biosorption of metal ions was inhibited at pH 3.0 or less, and sharply increased when pH of the solution was increased to 4.0. Biosorption of heavy metals further improved when pH increased from 4.0 to 6.0.; Biosorption of heavy metals on pretreated biomass followed the Freundlich and the Langmuir adsorption models except at pH 4.0 for lead, cadmium and copper, and at pH 5.0 for nickel (at these pH values biosorption was unfavorable). Biosorption of lead, cadmium and copper on live biomass could not be described by the Freundlich and the Langmuir adsorption models, and in the case of nickel, both the models were applicable (based on the statistical significance of the model parameters estimated). The removal of cadmium, copper and lead ions by pretreated A. niger biomass was higher than the removals obtained using granular activated carbon (F-400).; The pretreated fungal biomass was immobilized in a polymer polysulfone in the form of spherical beads and used in a fixed bed reactor to study the removal of heavy metal ions. The beads had an effective size of 0.718 mm and a surface area of 3.4 {dollar}rm msp2/g.{dollar} These beads had a porous structure. Continuous column experiments indicated that these beads were able to remove cadmium, copper, lead and nickel ions from aqueous solution. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：在这项研究中，评估了黑曲霉真菌从水溶液中去除镉，铜，铅和镍离子的潜力。为了增强活黑曲霉生物质的金属去除能力，研究了几种预处理方法。与氢氧化钠，甲醛，去污剂和二甲亚砜预处理相比，黑曲霉活生物质对镉，铜和铅的生物吸附能力提高了240％以上。所有测试的预处理替代品均降低了镍的生物吸附，并且活生物质显示出最高的镍去除能力。与活细胞相比，氢氧化钠预处理对镍的生物吸附减少约45％，而与活生物质相比，氢氧化钠预处理对镉，铅和铜的改善超过240％。因此，决定使用氢氧化钠预处理的生物质进行进一步的金属生物吸附研究。发现溶液的pH强烈影响预处理生物质上镉，铜，铅和镍离子的生物吸附程度。在pH值小于或等于3.0时，金属离子的生物吸附受到抑制，并且在溶液的pH值增加到4.0时，金属离子的生物吸收急剧增加。当pH从4.0增加到6.0时，重金属的生物吸附进一步改善。预处理后的生物质对重金属的生物吸附遵循Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型，但铅，镉和铜的pH值为4.0，镍的pH值为5.0（在这些pH值下，生物吸附是不利的）。 Freundlich和Langmuir吸附模型无法描述铅，镉和铜在活生物质上的生物吸附，在镍的情况下，两种模型均适用（基于估算的模型参数的统计学意义）。预处理的黑曲霉生物质对镉，铜和铅离子的去除率高于使用颗粒状活性炭（F-400）的去除率。将预处理过的真菌生物质以球形珠粒的形式固定在聚合物聚砜中，并用于固定床反应器中以研究重金属离子的去除。珠粒的有效尺寸为0.718mm，表面积为3.4 {rms msp2 / g。{dollar}。这些珠粒具有多孔结构。连续柱实验表明，这些珠粒能够从水溶液中去除镉，铜，铅和镍离子。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

著录项

  • 作者

    Kapoor, Anoop.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Regina (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of Regina (Canada).;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 233 p.
  • 总页数 233
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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