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首页> 外文学位 >Dispersion of large-seeded tree species by two forest primates: Primate seed handling, microhabitat variability, and post-dispersal seed fate.
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Dispersion of large-seeded tree species by two forest primates: Primate seed handling, microhabitat variability, and post-dispersal seed fate.

机译：两种森林灵长类动物散布大种子树种：灵长类动物种子处理，微生境变异性和种子后传播命运。

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I describe the relative effectiveness of two primates in dispersing large-seeded tree seeds (>0.5 cm) in the Nyungwe National Park (NNP), Rwanda. My objectives are three-fold: (1) to describe the relative effectiveness of primates in dispersing the seeds of five large-seeded tree species, (2) to evaluate the influence of primate seed-handling method on seed fate, and (3) to determine the influence of deposition site on seed fate. I employed focal tree observations, day-follows of habituated primate groups, in situ monitoring of primate-dispersed seeds, and experimental plots to achieve these objectives. Data were collected over the course of one year (April 2006--April 2007).;Frugivore assemblages dispersed the seeds of four of the five focal tree species. Chimpanzees and cercopithecines spent the most time in trees and had the largest group size. Large-bodied birds (LB) and chimpanzees dispersed the highest number of seeds per minute. LB and cercopithecines potentially disperse the greatest number of seeds for Ekebergia capensis, and chimpanzees for Syzygium guineense. My study highlights the complexities of determining a disperser's effectiveness and suggests that large-bodied birds and primates are relatively important dispersers of large-seeded trees.;Primates deposit seeds most often in open forest where seeds experience the highest establishment. In addition primates deposit seeds in five habitats that are likely dispersal-limited suggesting that primates contribute to the regeneration processes of otherwise dispersal-limited areas. My results suggest that the former emphasis of seed dispersal studies on defecations is not representative and should be expanded to include orally-discarded seeds. Furthermore my study highlights that primates do not deposit seeds randomly and that the characteristics of the deposition site are a reflection of primate seed handling.;I found no relationship between the top five fruiting tree species found in chimpanzee feces and fruit availability suggesting that chimpanzees do not choose fruits solely based on their availability. In contrast the wadged fruits of Syzygium guineense are positively correlated to fruit availability. A closer examination of the relationship between chimpanzees and S. guineense may provide insight into potential repercussions on the regeneration of S. guineense if the chimpanzee were to be extirpated. I compare the relationship of seed presence in the NNP chimpanzees' feces and wadges and forest-wide fruit availability with two other chimpanzee communities in the Albertine Rift.;Finally I organized a workshop for educators living in communities on the NNP's periphery in an effort to disseminate my results to a broader community. Pre- and postworkshop questionnaires completed by workshop participants suggest that this kind of interaction between researchers, management authorities and local peoples helps to build trust as well as identify areas where sensitization of the population may be needed.
机译：我描述了两种灵长类动物在卢旺达Nyungwe国家公园（NNP）中散布大种子树木种子（> 0.5 cm）的相对有效性。我的目标是三个方面：（1）描述灵长类动物在分散五种大种子树种种子中的相对有效性；（2）评估灵长类种子处理方法对种子命运的影响；（3）确定沉积位点对种子命运的影响。我采用了焦点树观察，惯性灵长类动物群体的日间追踪，对灵长类动物分散种子的原地监测以及实验田地以实现这些目标。在一年的时间（2006年4月至2007年4月）中收集了数据;节食动物的组合分散了5种重点树种中4种的种子。黑猩猩和长尾猴在树上花费的时间最多，并且种群规模最大。大体鸟类（LB）和黑猩猩每分钟散布的种子数量最多。 LB和cercopithecines可能散布出最多数量的种子（用于墨西哥洋杉（Ekebergia capensis）），而黑猩猩则分布在黑猩猩（Syzygium guineense）中。我的研究凸显了确定分散器功效的复杂性，并建议大型鸟类和灵长类动物是大种子树木的相对重要的分散器。灵长类动物最常将种子存放在种子发育最高的开阔森林中。此外，灵长类动物在五个可能受到扩散限制的生境中沉积种子，这表明灵长类动物有助于原本分散受限的区域的再生过程。我的结果表明，以前对排便进行种子传播研究的重点并不具有代表性，应扩大到包括经口抛弃的种子。此外，我的研究还强调了灵长类动物不会随机沉积种子，并且沉积位点的特性反映了灵长类动物种子的处理。不要仅根据其可用性来选择水果。相比之下，Syzygium guineense的皱褶果实与果实可利用度呈正相关。如果要灭绝黑猩猩，仔细研究黑猩猩和几内亚链球菌之间的关系可能会为深入了解几内亚链球菌的再生产生潜在影响。我比较了NNP黑猩猩的粪便和w子中种子存在的关系以及全树果的可利用性与艾伯丁大裂谷的其他两个黑猩猩社区之间的关系。最后，我为居住在NNP外围社区的教育工作者组织了一个讲习班，以期将我的结果传播给更广泛的社区。研讨会参与者填写的车间前后的调查问卷表明，研究人员，管理当局和当地人民之间的这种互动有助于建立信任，并确定可能需要提高人群意识的领域。

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