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The integration of science with the healing art: Harvey Cushing's development of neurosurgery, 1896-1912.

机译：科学与康复艺术的融合：哈维·库欣（Harvey Cushing）在1869年至1912年间发展神经外科。

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An editorial in JAMA in July 1997 expressed concern that clinical investigators were becoming an endangered species. The author said that, in clinical research, M.D. investigators were being replaced steadily by Ph.D. scientists, and clinical investigators were declining in numbers and quality. He emphasized that physician-scientists, thoroughly trained both in clinical medicine and in a scientific discipline, were essential for the progress of clinical medicine. Neither general practitioners nor laboratory scientists could solve the disease problems that we now faced. Urgent as the situation appeared, calls for clinical investigators were not new. In the early twentieth century, confronted with the rapid advance of experimental sciences, leading American clinicians such as William Osler, Rufus Cole, and Samuel Meltzer also insisted that clinical research should be conducted by clinical investigators, who were to be distinguished both from general practitioners and from laboratory scientists.;Harvey Cushing is a historically interesting figure in that he worked in both clinical medicine and the basic sciences, contributing to neurosurgery, neurophysiology, and endocrinology, especially in his work on the pituitary gland. He used a biologist's mind and approach in his pioneer work in neurosurgery. As I read Cushing's papers and manuscripts, I was astonished at the intuitive scientific spirit pervading all of the various kinds of work he pursued. Cushing possessed the mind of both a biologist and a surgeon. At the same time, his parallel researches in the laboratory and at the bedside were the product of a unique academic environment then existing at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The laboratory for basic medical sciences was built and operated before the hospital opened. When completed, the hospital was a part of the university and served as a teaching institution. Professors, influenced by German scientific medicine and by British and French clinical traditions, inspired young doctors to pursue original research at the laboratory and at the bedside. Enthusiasm for scientific investigation, and a pioneering spirit for the development of new medical knowledge were in the air.;Harvey Cushing discovered creative opportunities at the complex interface between laboratory and bedside. Establishing the Hunterian Laboratory, he carried out experiments in neurophysiology to solve problems arising at the bedside. He also brought questions arising in the laboratory to the bedside and operative table in an effort to understand the physiology of the body. Through keen observation of the patient, innovative surgical intervention, and meticulous documentation of patients' records, Cushing made the bedside his laboratory to unveil the secrets of the human body. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：1997年7月，《美国医学会杂志》的一篇社论表达了对临床研究人员正在成为濒危物种的担忧。作者说，在临床研究中，医学博士的研究人员正逐渐被博士学位取代。科学家和临床研究人员的数量和质量正在下降。他强调，经过临床医学和科学学科培训的医师科学家对于临床医学的进步至关重要。全科医生和实验室科学家都无法解决我们现在面临的疾病问题。随着情况的出现，紧急呼吁临床研究人员并不新鲜。在20世纪初期，面对实验科学的飞速发展，美国主要的临床医生，例如William Osler，Rufus Cole和Samuel Meltzer也坚持临床研究应由临床研究人员进行，这两个研究人员应与普通医生区分开哈维·库欣（Harvey Cushing）是一位历史上很有趣的人物，因为他从事临床医学和基础科学领域的工作，对神经外科，神经生理学和内分泌学特别是垂体腺的研究做出了贡献。在神经外科的开拓性工作中，他运用了生物学家的思想和方法。当我阅读库欣的论文和手稿时，他为他所从事的各种工作所充满的直觉科学精神感到惊讶。库欣拥有生物学家和外科医生的头脑。同时，他在实验室和床旁的平行研究是约翰霍普金斯医院当时存在的独特学术环境的产物。在医院开放之前，建立了基础医学实验室。建成后，医院即成为大学的一部分，并作为教学机构。受德国科学医学以及英国和法国临床传统影响的教授激励年轻医生在实验室和床边进行原创性研究。充满了科学研究的热情和开发新医学知识的开拓精神。哈维·库辛（Harvey Cushing）在实验室和床头之间的复杂界面中发现了创新机会。他建立了Hunterian实验室，进行了神经生理学实验，以解决床边出现的问题。他还把实验室中出现的问题带到床头和手术台上，以了解人体的生理状况。通过对患者的敏锐观察，创新的外科手术干预以及对患者记录的细致记录，库欣将床头柜作为他的实验室来揭露人体的秘密。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Ock-Joo Cho.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Science history.;American history.;Health sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 323 p.
  • 总页数 323
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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