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首页> 外文学位 >In situ fluorescence detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the marine environment.
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In situ fluorescence detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the marine environment.

机译：海洋环境中多环芳烃（PAH）的原位荧光检测。

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摘要

The design and development of an instrument system and associated methods for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment are presented. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are ubiquitous organic pollutants, several of which are proven carcinogens. The detection of these substances in the marine environment is important both because of potential carcinogenicity to humans resulting from ingestion through foodstuffs and because of proven toxicity to benthic organisms. Time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence (TR-LIF) provides a means of achieving in situ detection of these pollutants with spatial and temporal resolution that has not been possible previously due to the expense of sample collection and laboratory processing.; Spectral and timing considerations relevant to optimal development of the instrument were explored, as were potential environmental interferences with detection and quantification. A mathematical method to allow quantification of pyrene was developed and applied to field samples, and the results compared. favorably with classical gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis. From these results, and additional analyses, the instrument's limits of detection for various PAH are determined. The system's ability to detect pyrene at 5 ng l–1 is sufficient for the detection and quantification of pyrene at levels typically found in an urban estuary. The system's capability to simultaneously determine overall levels of dissolved organic carbon is also explored.; The TR-LIF system was deployed for ten cruises in Boston Harbor to study the distribution and cycling of PAH. Expected distributions of organic material resulting from freshwater inputs were confirmed, but additional point sources of material, particularly of pyrene, were identified. Statistical analyses of the data provide additional insights to the environmental sources of variation of these pollutants in the harbor, and a model for pyrene fluxes in Boston Harbor is presented.; The system was also deployed on two cruises in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The pyrene concentrations in the Bight were generally below the system's limit of detection, but the results do provide insight to the distribution of offshore fluorophores, with both short and long lifetimes, as well as an indication of an ability to differentiate marine and terrestrial humic material sources. Extrapolation to total PAH determination and additional possible applications of the system are presented.
机译：介绍了一种在海洋环境中检测多环芳烃的仪器系统和相关方法的设计与开发。多环芳烃是普遍存在的有机污染物，其中几种已被证明是致癌物。在海洋环境中对这些物质的检测非常重要，这既是由于通过食物摄入对人体造成的潜在致癌性，又是由于对底栖生物具有公认的毒性。时间分辨的激光诱导荧光（TR-LIF）提供了一种以空间和时间分辨率实现对这些污染物的原位检测的方法，这是以前由于样品采集和分析费用昂贵而无法实现的。实验室处理。探究了与仪器最佳开发相关的光谱和时间因素，以及对检测和定量的潜在环境干扰。开发了一种可以对of进行定量的数学方法，并将其应用于现场样品，并对结果进行了比较。与经典气相色谱/质谱分析法比较有利。根据这些结果以及其他分析，可以确定该仪器对各种PAH的检出限。该系统能够以5 ng l –1 的浓度检测pyr，足以检测和定量城市河口中常见的levels。还探讨了该系统同时确定溶解有机碳总量的能力。 TR-LIF系统在波士顿港进行了10次巡游，以研究PAH的分配和循环。确认了由淡水输入产生的有机物质的预期分布，但确定了其他点源，尤其是pyr。数据的统计分析为港口中这些污染物变化的环境来源提供了更多的见解，并提出了波士顿港口pyr流的模型。该系统还部署在大西洋中部海岸线的两次巡航中。海岸线中的pyr浓度通常低于系统的检测极限，但结果的确为近海荧光团的分布提供了洞察力，使用寿命短，寿命长，并表明了区分海洋和陆地腐殖质的能力资料来源。介绍了总PAH测定的推断以及系统的其他可能应用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rudnick, Steven M.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Boston.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Boston.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.; Geochemistry.; Physical Geography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 206 p.
  • 总页数 206
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境科学基础理论;地质学;自然地理学;
  • 关键词

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