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首页> 外文学位 >Assessment of gross accumulation and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in a contaminated urban soil.
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Assessment of gross accumulation and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in a contaminated urban soil.

机译：评估受污染城市土壤中重金属的总积累和浸出特性。

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摘要

The city of East St. Louis, IL has a history of abundant industrial activities including smelters of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, a coal-fired power plant, companies that produced organic and inorganic chemicals, and petroleum refineries. The East St. Louis Action Research Program (ESLARP) was initiated to revitalize a once prosperous community. Included in the ESLARP agenda was the assessment of the extent of industrial contamination in community soils. To this end, a protocol for soil analysis was developed to produce sufficient information on the extent of heavy metal contamination in East St. Louis.; Soil cores representing every borough of East St. Louis were analyzed using neutron activation analysis and x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The top three inches of topsoil contained heavy metal concentrations as high as 10,360 ppm zinc, 40.2 ppm antimony, 12.5 ppm cadmium, 1,860 ppm lead, 14,400 ppm copper, 1,130 ppm tin, and ppm quantities of mercury. Based on the topsoil data, specific soils were analyzed as a function of depth to determine the migration depth of contaminants. In sandy soil from a vacated rail depot near the bank of the Mississippi River, the metals were fairly evenly distributed down to 15 inches in depth. Clay soils from near a zinc smelter contained a systematic drop in heavy metal concentration.; Leaching tests were performed on specific soils to elucidate heavy metal associated mineral fractions and general leachability. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure was performed on three different soils and all metal leachates were well below regulatory limits. Sequential extraction revealed that the leached residual fractions were low for the heavy metals. Also, the importance of the reductive and oxidative fractions was identified. Cadmium was the only metal recovered in quantity using mild extractants targeting exchangeable and carbonate species.; Next, garden soil was leached in a column experiment to elucidate the leaching characteristics of the soil under natural conditions. The leachate concentrations were low for all heavy metals. The results were modeled and the importance of instantaneous dissolution was evident from the model. By incorporating desorption/adsorption terms into the source term, the model was adapted very well to the time dependent heavy metal leachate concentrations. The results demonstrate the utility of a simple model to describe heavy metal leaching from contaminated soils.; The soils of East St. Louis contained many regions of elevated heavy metal concentrations although extreme heterogeneity was evident. In general, the western end of the city contained the most sites with anomalous levels of metals. However, the leaching experiments, although limited in scope, suggested that similar soils would not leach heavy metals appreciably. Moreover, remediation efforts should be directed towards increasing vegetation coverage on the bare soils that characterize many areas of the western end of the city. This would reduce resuspended emissions that have been shown to be an important factor in airborne emissions and would also help control the oxidation and pH conditions of the soils.
机译：伊利诺伊州的东圣路易斯市拥有丰富的工业活动，包括黑色金属和有色金属的冶炼厂，燃煤电厂，生产有机和无机化学品的公司以及炼油厂。发起了东圣路易斯行动研究计划（ESLARP），以振兴曾经繁荣的社区。 ESLARP议程中包括对社区土壤中工业污染程度的评估。为此，制定了土壤分析规程，以产生有关东圣路易斯重金属污染程度的充分信息。使用中子活化分析和X射线荧光光谱法分析了代表东圣路易斯每个行政区的土壤核心。表土的前三英寸包含重金属，浓度高达10,360 ppm的锌，40.2 ppm的锑，12.5 ppm的镉，1,860 ppm的铅，14,400 ppm的铜，1,130 ppm的锡和ppm的汞。根据表层土壤数据，分析特定土壤作为深度的函数，以确定污染物的迁移深度。在密西西比河河岸附近空置的铁路仓库的沙质土壤中，金属相当均匀地分布到15英寸深。锌冶炼厂附近的粘土土壤中的重金属浓度有系统地下降。在特定的土壤上进行了浸出试验，以阐明重金属相关的矿物组分和一般的浸出性。在三种不同的土壤上进行了毒性特征浸出程序，所有金属浸出液均远低于规定的限值。顺序萃取表明，重金属的浸出残留分数低。此外，还确定了还原和氧化部分的重要性。镉是唯一使用针对可交换和碳酸盐种类的温和萃取剂回收的金属。接下来，通过柱实验对园林土壤进行浸出，以阐明自然条件下土壤的浸出特性。所有重金属的渗滤液浓度均较低。对结果进行建模，从模型中可以明显看出瞬时溶解的重要性。通过将解吸/吸附项合并到源项中，该模型非常适合于时间相关的重金属浸出液浓度。结果证明了一种简单的模型可用于描述从污染土壤中浸出的重金属。东圣路易斯的土壤中有许多重金属含量升高的区域，尽管极端异质性很明显。一般而言，城市的西端包含金属含量异常的地点。但是，浸出实验虽然范围有限，但表明相似的土壤不会明显浸出重金属。此外，修复工作应针对增加城市西端许多地区的裸露土壤的植被覆盖率。这将减少重悬浮的排放，这已被证明是空气传播排放的重要因素，还将有助于控制土壤的氧化和pH条件。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kaminski, Michael David.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1998
  • 页码 216 p.
  • 总页数 216
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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