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首页> 外文学位 >State scientist: Omond McKillop Solant and government science in war and hostile peace, 1939--1956.
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State scientist: Omond McKillop Solant and government science in war and hostile peace, 1939--1956.

机译：国家科学家：战争与敌对和平的奥蒙德·麦基洛普（Omond McKillop Solant）和政府科学，1939--1956年。

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摘要

A physiologist by training, an engineer by disposition, and leader by intellectual inclination, Dr. Omond McKillop Solandt's introduction to state-directed science was a direct result of British war needs for scientific and technical manpower. His career paralleled the increased importance and value of science as a tool for the government's war effort across a spectrum of fields. These fields included management of blood transfusion and civil defence, operational research and army science management, and casualty research in the atomic battleground of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Returning to Canada in 1945, Solandt's career reached its zenith when he became chairman of the newly created Defence Research Board. As chairman he acted as a scientific chief of staff, the chief executive of a multi-disciplined defence research service, and scientific advisor to three Ministers of National Defence. Examining Solandt's decade-long chairmanship provides a unique map into Canada's defence research agenda in the technologically and politically defined Cold War era that included continental defence, international science cooperation between Canada, Britain, and the US, and weapons of mass destruction.;As part of the growing literature on the history of science and government during the Second World War and Cold War in Britain and Canada, this thesis both chronicles and analyzes the career of Dr. Solandt. While Solandt's contributions to British and Canadian war and post-war defence science were appreciated by contemporaries, noted by official government histories, and acknowledged by historians, none have attempted either a detailed biographical analysis of his life or established his contribution within the broader historical framework of the growth in state science during the world war and Cold War. Both of these goals form the heart of this thesis.;Managing science within the unique environment of government and the military became Solandt's arena of intellectual acumen. He successfully navigated and led unconventional science organizations to success against initial resistance from domestic opposition, formulated successful working relationships with industry and academia, and harnessed science for effective government projects. His career provides a case study for understanding the increasing importance and complex relationships of state-directed science in war and peace at the heart of the twentieth century, and how such a relationship can surmount the formidable challenges it faces.;Keywords: Omond Solandt, Charles Best, Charles Foulkes, Brooke Claxton, C. D. Howe, L. B. Pearson, Basil Schonland, Solly Zuckerman, Laurie Chute, Charles Ellis, Edward Mellanby, Bernard Law Montgomery, British History, Canadian History, Physiology, Polio Epidemic, Operational Research, Military History, Medical History, Science History, Technology History, Armoured Warfare, Atomic Warfare, Biological Warfare, Chemical Warfare, Continental Defence, Science Management, Guided Missiles, Mid Canada Line, McGill Fence, Canadian Foreign Relations, Canadian Science, British Science, Blood Transfusion, The Battle of Britain, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Scientific Advice, Brainwashing, The Second World War, The Cold War.
机译：Omond McKillop Solandt博士是一名训练有素的生理学家，是一名工程师，而且是知识分子的领导者，他对国家导向科学的介绍是英国战争对科学和技术人力需求的直接结果。在他的职业生涯中，科学作为政府在各个领域进行战争努力的工具的重要性和价值不断提高。这些领域包括输血和民防管理，运筹学和军队科学管理以及广岛和长崎原子战场的伤亡研究。 1945年返回加拿大，当索兰特成为新成立的国防研究委员会主席时，他的事业达到了顶峰。作为董事长，他担任科学参谋长，跨学科国防研究服务机构的首席执行官以及三名国防部长的科学顾问。考察索兰特长达十年的任期，为在技术和政治上定义的冷战时代的加拿大国防研究议程提供了独特的地图，其中包括大陆防御，加拿大，英国和美国之间的国际科学合作以及大规模杀伤性武器。在第二次世界大战和英国和加拿大的冷战期间，有关科学和政府历史的文献不断增长，本文同时对Solandt博士的职业进行了编年和分析。尽管索兰德对英国和加拿大战争以及战后防御科学的贡献得到了同时代人的赞赏，官方政府历史记录和历史学家的认可，但没有人尝试对他的生活进行详细的传记分析或在更广泛的历史框架内确定他的贡献世界大战和冷战期间国家科学的发展这两个目标构成了本文的核心。在政府和军方独特的环境中管理科学成为索兰特知识分子敏锐的舞台。他成功地领导了非常规科学组织，并成功地抵制了来自国内反对派的最初阻力，与行业和学术界建立了成功的工作关系，并利用科学开展了有效的政府项目。他的职业生涯提供了一个案例研究，以了解在20世纪中叶，以国家为导向的科学在战争与和平中日趋重要和复杂的关系，以及这种关系如何克服所面临的严峻挑战。关键词：Omond Solandt， Charles Best，Charles Foulkes，Brooke Claxton，CD Howe，LB Pearson，Basil Schonland，Solly Zuckerman，Laurie Chute，Charles Ellis，Edward Mellanby，Bernard Law Montgomery，英国历史，加拿大历史，生理学，脊髓灰质炎流行病，运筹学，军事历史，医学史，科学史，技术史，装甲战，原子战，生物战，化学战，大陆防御，科学管理，制导导弹，加拿大中线，麦吉尔围栏，加拿大对外关系，加拿大科学，英国科学，输血，不列颠，广岛与长崎之战，科学建议，洗脑，第二次世界大战，冷战。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ridler, Jason Sean.;

  • 作者单位

    Royal Military College of Canada (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Royal Military College of Canada (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biography.;History Canadian.;History of Science.;History Military.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 326 p.
  • 总页数 326
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 传记;自然科学史;加拿大;
  • 关键词

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