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首页> 外文期刊>Centaurus: International Magazine of the History of Sciences and Medicine >'In war or in peace:' The technological promise of science following the First World War
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'In war or in peace:' The technological promise of science following the First World War

机译：“在战争或和平：”第一次世界大战后科学的技术承诺

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摘要

Following World War One, powerful groups in society substantially raised their expectations of the natural sciences. Scientific research became a promise for transformations in technology, and consequently in the economy and society. While this expectation was not completely new, before the war the potential benefits of scientific research to answer practical technological problems had been fiercely contested. During the war, scientists were mobilized to military related research only gradually due to a combination of technological challenges and the efforts of science advocates. The significant success of much military research convinced many erstwhile skeptics that science and research could be of practical value for technology and society, as well as the military. Science promised technological and economic growth, but the promise entailed also a threat from its inappropriate use, and from its use by one's competitors. The threat of competition was especially strong at the international level. Policy makers emphasized that investment in science is crucial for the economic struggles of peace-time. The promise and threat alike led to an increase in science funding, and the establishment of special governmental, military, and commercial institutions for the fostering of science and its application to technology. Scientists themselves also altered their view of their disciplines.
机译：第二次世界大战之后，社会中的强大团体大幅提高了对自然科学的期望。科学研究成为技术转型的承诺，因此在经济和社会中。虽然这种预期并不是全新的，但在战争之前，科学研究的潜在利益，以解决实际的技术问题。在战争期间，由于技术挑战的结合和科学倡导者的努力，科学家们只会逐渐动员到军事相关研究。大量军事研究的重大成功表示，许多讯醒人怀疑，科学和研究可能对技术和社会以及军队以及军方来说。科学承诺技术和经济增长，但承诺也留下了不当使用的威胁，并从一个竞争对手的使用中。竞争威胁在国际一级特别强劲。政策制定者强调，科学的投资对于维持和平的经济斗争至关重要。承诺和威胁导致科学资金增加，以及建立专门的政府，军事和商业机构，促进科学及其对技术的应用。科学家们自己也改变了他们对学科的看法。

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