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Living in the edge: Community based governance in the aquatic terrestrial zone.

机译：生活在边缘：水生陆地带基于社区的治理。

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Academic and practical debates regarding community-based or common-pool management and governance (CBG) have been polemic, sometimes violent, and have widespread ramifications regarding livelihoods and landscapes. This dissertation, based on research begun in 1996 in nine rural communities, elucidates some of the factors that drive CBG in the aquatic-terrestrial zone of the Peruvian Amazon and the landscape level effects of these decisions. Focusing on fisheries, but including data regarding the entire landscape, this work aims to contribute an analysis of the current dynamics and to spur more nuanced conversation and policies. This work also aims to contribute to practical discussions regarding fisheries governance, to the growing evidence regarding declining fisheries, and to the literature examining concepts of landscape and landscape dynamics.;Analyses draw on data gathered through household surveys conducted in 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2007, interviews, fishing journals, direct observation of 1815 fishing journeys including measurement of fish catch, and demographic and fisheries landing statistics from the Peruvian government.;In the study communities, extractive activities, particularly fishing, provide the basis of household income; however, while an increasing number of residents rely on fishing for both subsistence and income, mean annual household income from fishing activities is declining, and the entire system appears increasingly vulnerable to fluctuations.;Based on analyses of catch per unit effort, average size of fish, and average trophic level of catch, this study demonstrates a statistically significant decline in the Peruvian Amazon's fisheries. CBG efforts moderated but did not erase these trends. While the cause of these trends has not been determined, they raise significant concern.;Finally, within the study communities, two of the main drivers of CBG are the perceived need to create and maintain landscape level resiliency and desire to create a stronger regional level voice with which to attract regional and national support.;This study highlights the importance of the declining fishery, the need for analyses of CBG efforts to be made without a priori assumptions, and importance of developing policies that coordinate between community, regional, and national institutions and that are flexible and dynamic enough to respond to the complex and changing landscape.
机译：关于基于社区或公共场所的管理和治理（CBG）的学术和实践辩论一直是激烈的，有时甚至是激烈的，并且在生计和景观方面产生了广泛的分歧。本论文基于1996年开始在九个农村社区进行的研究，阐明了驱动秘鲁亚马逊河水陆区CBG的一些因素以及这些决定的景观水平影响。这项工作侧重于渔业，但包括有关整个景观的数据，旨在对当前动态进行分析，并促进更为细微的对话和政策。这项工作还旨在促进有关渔业治理的实际讨论，有关渔业衰退的证据不断增加以及研究景观和景观动态概念的文献。分析利用了通过1996年，1997年，1999年进行的家庭调查收集的数据，和2007年，访谈，捕鱼杂志，对1815捕鱼旅程的直接观察（包括渔获量的测量）以及秘鲁政府的人口统计数据和渔业登陆统计数据；在研究社区中，采掘活动，特别是捕鱼，为家庭收入提供了基础；然而，尽管越来越多的居民依靠捕鱼来维持生计和收入，但平均每年来自捕鱼活动的家庭收入却在下降，整个系统似乎越来越容易受到波动的影响。鱼类和平均营养水平，这项研究表明秘鲁亚马逊河地区的渔业统计上显着下降。 CBG的努力有所缓和，但并未消除这些趋势。尽管尚未确定这些趋势的原因，但它们引起了极大的关注。最后，在研究社区中，CBG的两个主要驱动因素是人们认为需要建立和保持景观水平的弹性，并渴望建立更强大的区域水平。吸引区域和国家支持的声音。；本研究强调了渔业下降的重要性，没有先验假设就需要分析CBG努力的必要性，以及制定协调社区，区域和国家之间政策的重要性机构的灵活性和动态性足以应对复杂多变的形势。

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