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首页> 外文学位 >The political ecology of environmental management in semi-arid West Africa: Case studies from the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso.
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The political ecology of environmental management in semi-arid West Africa: Case studies from the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso.

机译：半干旱西非环境管理的政治生态学：来自布基纳法索中部高原的案例研究。

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The Central Plateau of Burkina Faso in semi-arid West Africa is well-known for a variety of soil and water conservation and environmental management programs initiated by the state, NGOs and international donors since the late 1970s. Development organizations have a strong presence in this region of high out-migration, rapid population growth and visible land degradation, and their presence has been encouraged by the government. A study of the impacts of "village land use management" was carried out in cooperation with an environmental program in Bam Province from 1992-1993, in order to assess the environmental, social and economic impacts of these environmental conservation activities.; A cultural ecological analysis was made of the livelihood systems of two remote Mossi and Yarse villages in Rollo departement, and the technical and social interventions carried out in these same communities were also monitored. The local Sudano-Sahelian ecology consists of diverse landscapes showing considerable modification, and is dominated by rain-fed agricultural production in nucleated Mossi settlements. Human adaptation to changeable resource endowments, technology, labor and ecology give rise to high variability in livelihood decisions, resulting in complex spatial patterns. Crop yields are variable, and are frequently insufficient to meet household and community needs. Intensification of agriculture is selective, and specific to certain individuals and sites. Off-farm incomes, animal sales and remittances from migrants are significant for many households.; Village land use management (gestion des terroirs villageois), engages sedentary "communities" to overcome conflicts and to participate enthusiastically in communal environmental management of their "village territories". This approach has many positive benefits for social solidarities and for land rehabilitation, but it can overlook the complexities of land use, agricultural knowledge and the plural rationalities of Mossi and Yarse farmers. As this approach to land degradation spreads to other Sahelian countries and is widely adopted by development aid agencies for its "participatory" elements, it first requires rigorous evaluation at the local level. The approach has nonetheless generated high levels of participation, new institutions, and buffered many individuals against food stress and hardship.; By combining an analysis of agrarian and social systems with work on development interventions, the study contributes to a political ecology of environmental management. Using hybrid research methods, it bridges a divide between theoretical understanding of nested scales of human-environment interventions, and the practical efforts of arid lands managers.
机译：自1970年代末以来，西非半干旱的布基纳法索中部高原以国家，非政府组织和国际捐助者发起的各种水土保持和环境管理计划而闻名。发展组织在该地区人口众多，人口外流迅速，人口迅速增长，土地退化明显，并受到政府的鼓励。为了评估这些环境保护活动对环境，社会和经济的影响，1992年至1993年与巴姆省的一项环境方案合作，对“乡村土地使用管理”的影响进行了研究。对罗洛省两个偏远的摩西和雅尔瑟村庄的生计系统进行了文化生态分析，并监测了在这些相同社区中进行的技术和社会干预。苏达诺-萨赫勒地区的当地生态由多样的景观组成，显示出很大的变化，并且以有核的莫西定居点的雨水农业生产为主导。人类对可变资源resource赋，技术，劳动力和生态的适应导致生计决策的高度可变性，从而导致复杂的空间格局。作物单产是可变的，常常不足以满足家庭和社区的需求。农业集约化是有选择性的，并且针对某些个人和场所。非农收入，牲畜销售和移民汇款对许多家庭而言意义重大。乡村土地使用管理（gestur des terroirs villageois），与久坐的“社区”合作，以克服冲突并热心参与其“乡村”的社区环境管理。这种方法对于社会团结和土地复垦有许多积极的好处，但它可以忽略土地使用，农业知识的复杂性以及摩西和雅尔农民的多重理性。由于这种土地退化方法已经传播到萨赫勒地区的其他国家，并且由于其“参与性”要素而被发展援助机构广泛采用，因此首先需要在地方一级进行严格评估。然而，这种方法已经引起了高水平的参与，建立了新的机构，并使许多人免受粮食压力和困难。通过将对农业和社会系统的分析与对发展干预措施的研究相结合，该研究为环境管理的政治生态做出了贡献。使用混合研究方法，它弥合了对人类环境干预的嵌套规模的理论理解与干旱土地管理者的实际努力之间的鸿沟。

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