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Managing international open access resources: Empirical evidence from the International Whaling Commission.

机译：管理国际开放获取资源：国际捕鲸委员会的经验证据。

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摘要

The International Whaling Commission (IWC), founded following World War II to regulate the use of the world's stocks of whales, was one of the earliest attempts at international management of an open access resource. The first chapter describes the founding of the IWC which was to regulate the whaling industry by setting overall catch quotas. It is found that the least efficient of the whaling nations objected to any attempt to lower the quotas. Because the IWC could not force a country to accept lower quotas, it could not prevent the excessive depletion of the whale stocks. The chapter ends with a discussion of the moratorium on commercial whaling and the use by the United States of economic sanctions to enforce the moratorium.;Chapter two develops a bioeconomic model of the whaling industry under open access and optimal management from which a test for the effectiveness of the IWC's regulation is derived. Essentially, the test measures the weight given to future harvests by the IWC in setting the quotas. Using data on harvests, stocks, effort, prices, and costs, the model is estimated using the Generalized Method of Moments procedure. It reveals that the IWC placed little or no weight on the future harvests. In other words, the actual harvests that occurred under the IWC's management differed little from what would have occurred had the IWC not existed.;In the third chapter, the data and parameter estimates from the second chapter are used to simulate what the harvests would have been under optimal management, the IWC failed to lower the quotas fast enough and far enough to remain on the optimal path. Mismanagement of the whaling resources resulted in the whale stock being reduced to a level almost half that of the optimal stock size and a sustainable harvest from this reduced stock one third lower than the optimal harvest. However it required more than twice the effort to catch this smaller harvest.
机译：国际捕鲸委员会（IWC）是在第二次世界大战后成立的，旨在规范世界鲸鱼种群的使用，这是对开放获取资源进行国际管理的最早尝试之一。第一章介绍了国际捕鲸委员会的成立，该委员会通过设定总体捕捞配额来规范捕鲸业。发现捕鲸国家中效率最低的国家反对任何降低配额的尝试。由于万国表不能强迫一个国家接受较低的配额，因此它不能防止鲸鱼库存的过度消耗。本章最后讨论了暂停商业捕鲸以及美国对制裁实施强制执行的经济制裁。第二章建立了开放获取和最佳管理下的捕鲸业生物经济模型，从中对捕鲸行为进行了测试。得出万国表法规的有效性。实质上，该测试衡量的是IWC在设定配额时对未来收获的权重。使用有关收成，库存，工作量，价格和成本的数据，使用广义矩法程序对模型进行估算。它表明万国表对未来的收成几乎没有影响。换句话说，万国表管理下的实际收成与万国表不存在时的收成几乎没有什么不同。在第三章中，第二章中的数据和参数估计值被用来模拟收成将具有什么在最佳管理下，万国表未能足够快地降低配额，并且远不足以保持最佳路径。捕鲸资源管理不善导致鲸鱼种群减少到最佳种群规模的近一半，并且从减少的种群中获得的可持续收获比最佳种群低三分之一。但是，要获得较小的收成，需要付出两倍以上的努力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Borga, Maria.;

  • 作者单位

    Boston University.;

  • 授予单位 Boston University.;
  • 学科 Economics General.;Political Science International Law and Relations.;Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.;Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 130 p.
  • 总页数 130
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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