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Suitability of small fish species for monitoring the effects of pulp mill effluent on fish populations.

机译：小鱼种是否适合监测制浆厂废水对鱼群的影响。

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摘要

Research was conducted to assess the suitability of small fish species as sentinel species for monitoring the effects of pulp mill effluent on fish populations. Evaluation of small species was based on their response to mill effluent, as well as the abundance and capture efficiency of each species. Responses were described by comparing whole organism (growth, reproduction, energy storage, age) and physiological (MFO induction, sex steroid levels) measurements in fish exposed to pulp mill effluent with comparable reference fish populations not exposed to effluent.;Research focused on spoonhead sculpin (Conus ricei) and lake chub (Couesius plumbeus) of the Athabasca River, Alberta, to determine whether changes in whole-organism and physiological measurements could be detected in small fish species exposed to pulp mill effluent. Both species exhibited responses reflecting instream effluent conditions. Spoonhead sculpin exposed to kraft mill effluent showed an overall increase in body and organ size, reproductive commitment, MFO induction and steroid production relative to unexposed fish. As well, graded responses were observed in sculpin exposed to different concentrations of effluent, and persisted downstream for at least 50 km. In contrast, lake chub exposed to effluents from a thermomechanical and a chemithermomechanical mill exhibited few changes relative to reference chub. It was concluded that the response (i.e., little change) of lake chub reflected the low instream concentrations of non-kraft, totally chlorine free effluent in the area.;Research at the Moose River system, Ontario, investigated the consistency and relative sensitivity of responses between trout-perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) and the larger white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) under similar conditions of pulp mill effluent exposure and mobility. At this site potential differences in mobility were minimized by the presence of upstream and downstream dams. Both species exposed to effluent from a thermomechanical mill exhibited differences in whole-organism and physiological measurements relative to reference fish. However, the response of trout-perch was not consistent with the response of white sucker. The inconsistency between responses made it difficult to determine how the opposing responses of each species were related, and which species was most sensitive to the instream conditions.;A more detailed examination of fish responses was necessary to facilitate the interpretation of responses, and the comparison between trout-perch and white sucker. An existing monitoring framework was revised and further developed to provide a synthesis of fish responses documented in the literature, and a greater understanding of the progression of fish responses to common mechanisms of stressors. By categorizing fish responses according to age structure, energy expenditure, and energy storage it was possible to simplify the responses, determine which part of the populations were being affected, and identify the probable mechanisms leading to the responses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：进行了研究以评估小鱼种作为定点鱼种的适宜性，以监测制浆厂废水对鱼类种群的影响。对小物种的评估是基于它们对工厂废水的反应，以及每种物种的丰度和捕获效率。通过比较暴露于制浆厂废水中的鱼与未暴露于废水中的可比参考鱼类种群中的整个生物体（生长，繁殖，能量存储，年龄）和生理学（MFO诱导，性类固醇水平）测量来描述反应。阿尔伯塔省阿萨巴斯卡河的杜鹃（Conus ricei）和湖丘（Couesius plumbeus），以确定暴露于制浆厂废水的小型鱼类是否可以检测到整个有机体和生理指标的变化。两种物种均显示出反映河内流出物状况的响应。与未暴露的鱼相比，暴露于牛皮纸厂废水中的头显示出身体和器官尺寸，生殖能力，MFO诱导和类固醇生成的总体增加。同样，在暴露于不同浓度废水的杜鹃中观察到分级响应，并持续下游至少50 km。相比之下，暴露于热机械和化学机械加工厂废水的湖相对于参考而言几乎没有变化。结论是，湖that的响应（即变化很小）反映了该地区非牛皮纸，完全无氯废水的入流浓度低。；安大略省穆斯河系统的研究调查了该区域的一致性和相对敏感性。在类似的制浆厂废水暴露和流动性条件下，鳟鱼鲈鱼（Percopsis omiscomaycus）和较大的白色吸盘（Catostomus commersoni）之间的响应。在该地点，上游和下游水坝的存在使流动性的潜在差异最小化。与参考鱼相比，暴露于热机械磨机出水的两种物种在全生物和生理测量方面均表现出差异。但是，鳟鱼-鲈鱼的反应与白色吸盘的反应不一致。响应之间的不一致使得很难确定每种物种的对立响应之间的关系以及哪种物种对入流条件最敏感。对鱼类响应的更详细检查是必要的，以便于对响应进行解释和比较。在鳟鱼鲈鱼和白色吸盘之间。修订并进一步发展了现有的监测框架，以提供文献中记录的鱼类反应的综合信息，并加深对鱼类对压力源共同机制的反应进展的了解。通过根据年龄结构，能量消耗和能量存储对鱼类的响应进行分类，可以简化响应，确定受影响的那部分人口并确定导致响应的可能机制。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gibbons, Wade Norman.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Waterloo (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Waterloo (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Zoology.;Biology Limnology.;Environmental Sciences.;Biology Animal Physiology.;Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 211 p.
  • 总页数 211
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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