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首页> 外文学位 >Joining a discourse community: How graduate students learn to speak like astronomers.
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Joining a discourse community: How graduate students learn to speak like astronomers.

机译：加入话语社区：研究生如何像天文学家一样学习说话。

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摘要

Almost half of all graduate students leave their doctoral programs without finishing. Who leaves, taking which skills and strengths with them, is still poorly understood, however, because it is hard to measure exactly what graduate students learn in their doctoral programs. Since the expertise required of a PhD holder is highly dependent on discipline, the development of a better understanding of graduate education and attrition requires studying the process at the departmental level.;This is a qualitative study of the cultural values and norms of academic astronomy, as transmitted through the socialization of graduate students into giving talks, asking questions, and participating in departmental speaking events. This study also looks at the conflicts that arise when implicit cultural norms, which are practiced but remain unacknowledged, are inconsistent with the official, explicit values and norms for speaking in astronomy.;Doctoral students and faculty members in a single astronomy department, at a large western university, filled out a short survey about the stakes involved in astronomy speaking events. A subset of these individuals was interviewed in-depth about the goals of, and their experiences with, five departmental speaking events: Coffee Hour, Journal Club, research talks, Thesis defense talks, and Colloquia. These interviewees were: (1) graduate students who had given a verbal presentation at one of these events, and (2) graduate students and faculty members who were in the audience at a graduate student's presentation.;The desired outcomes which were expressed for these speaking events included: (1) lively, informal discussion among all participants, (2) increasing graduate student verbal participation in these events as they "learn to speak like astronomers," and (3) the utility of these events in helping graduate students learn and practice their speaking and reasoning skills related to astronomy research. In practice these goals were not achieved due to: (1) the ubiquitous, but unacknowledged practice of judging others' speech performance to come to negative conclusions about those individuals' intentions, intellectual abilities or efforts, (2) a lack of feedback for graduate students on their verbal performances, and (3) a lack of faculty members making explicit their own solutions to the inherent dilemmas of academic speaking.
机译：几乎所有研究生中有一半没有完成博士学位课程。然而，谁离开了谁，掌握了哪些技能和长处，却仍然知之甚少，因为很难准确地衡量研究生在其博士课程中学到了什么。由于博士学位持有人所需的专业知识高度依赖学科，因此对研究生教育和减员的更好理解需要在部门一级研究流程;这是对文化价值和学术天文学规范的定性研究，通过研究生的社会化传播，进行演讲，提问和参加部门演讲活动。这项研究还研究了在实践中但尚未得到承认的内在文化规范与天文学演讲中的官方，外在价值观和规范不一致时所产生的冲突。;在同一天文学系的博士生和教职员工大型西方大学填写了一份有关天文学演讲活动所涉利益的简短调查。对其中一部分人进行了深入访谈，以了解五个部门演讲活动的目标和经历：咖啡时间，期刊俱乐部，研究谈话，论文答辩会和Colloquia。这些受访者是：（1）在其中一项活动中进行过口头介绍的研究生，以及（2）在研究生介绍会上的听众中的研究生和教职员工。演讲活动包括：（1）所有参与者之间进行的生动，非正式的讨论，（2）当研究生“像天文学家一样学习说话”时，增加他们在语言上的参与，以及（3）这些活动在帮助研究生学习中的作用并练习与天文学研究相关的口语和推理能力。在实践中，由于以下原因而无法实现这些目标：（1）普遍存在但未被认可的做法，即判断他人的言语表现对这些人的意图，智力或努力做出负面结论，（2）毕业生缺乏反馈学生的言语表现，以及（3）缺乏教职员工明确解决学术演讲固有难题的方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Baleisis, Audra.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Physics Astronomy and Astrophysics.;Education Sciences.;Education Higher.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 459 p.
  • 总页数 459
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 天文学;高等教育;自然科学教育与普及;
  • 关键词

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