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首页> 外文学位 >Nature's evil dreams: Disaster and America, 1871-1906.
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Nature's evil dreams: Disaster and America, 1871-1906.

机译：大自然的恶梦：《灾难与美国》，1871-1906年。

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摘要

This study offers a cultural history of American natural disasters in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through case studies of the Chicago fire of 1871 and the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906 it examines the rapid development of modern political, cultural, and emotional responses to disasters and the impact of disasters on the social strategies and moral imagination of a nation in the midst of modernization. It links four principal themes: the rise of a scientific conception of disasters, the nationalization of disaster relief, the emergence of sentimental notions of victimhood, and the increasing sensationalization of disasters.; In 1871, widespread faith in the self-regulating mechanisms of nature and the free market underpinned an optimistic laissez-faire response to the Chicago fire, encouraging Americans to view the calamity as a mechanism of moral and material improvement. For leading citizens the fire affirmed the genius of American capitalism for thriving on chaos, but it also provided a unique space for social and political experimentation, establishing precedents for activist responses to later natural disasters. The fire also precipitated debates about providence, society, nature, and the self that directly contributed to the unraveling of Mid-Victorian laissez-faire convictions.; By 1906, social reformers argued that the San Francisco earthquake and fire provided a compelling image for the catastrophic social consequences of industrialism itself. Many Americans were beginning to view disaster relief as an appropriate model for policies to tackle chronic social problems like poverty and homelessness. What was Progressivism if not an attempt to subdue and manage a disastrous natural and social world? Middle-class men and women, however, also betrayed a deep ambivalence about the San Francisco calamity, greeting it not just with horror but with genuine delight--as an enchanted morning. While Progressives constructed as disorder all that they sought to eradicate as part of the civilizing process, in spite of themselves they were captivated by chaos. If the preoccupation with disorder gave rise to the search for order, the search for order in turn created a cult of disorder. This dialectic constitutes what we might call the catastrophic logic of American modernism.
机译：这项研究提供了19世纪末和20世纪初美国自然灾害的文化历史。通过对1871年芝加哥大火和1906年旧金山大地震的个案研究，它考察了现代对灾难的政治，文化和情感反应的快速发展以及灾难对一个国家的社会战略和道德想象力的影响在现代化之中。它联系了四个主要主题：科学的灾难概念的兴起，救灾的国有化，受害者感伤的观念的出现以及灾难性的轰动性日益增强。 1871年，人们对自然和自由市场的自我调节机制抱有广泛的信念，对芝加哥大火采取了放任自流的乐观态度，这促使美国人将这场灾难视为道德和物质改善的一种机制。对于领先的公民，大火肯定了美国资本主义在混乱中繁荣发展的天才，但同时也为社会和政治实验提供了独特的空间，为激进主义者应对后来的自然灾害树立了先例。这场大火还引发了关于天意，社会，自然和自我的辩论，这些辩论直接导致了中维多利亚时期自由放任的信念的破灭。到1906年，社会改革者认为，旧金山地震和大火为工业主义本身带来的灾难性社会后果提供了令人信服的形象。许多美国人开始将救灾视为解决贫困和无家可归之类的长期社会问题的政策的适当模式。如果不是试图征服和管理灾难性的自然和社会世界，进步主义是什么？然而，中产阶级的男人和女人也对旧金山的灾难背叛了深深的矛盾，在一个迷人的早晨，它不仅惊骇地问候着它，而且带来了真正的喜悦。尽管进步主义者将其试图铲除的一切作为无序的东西作为文明过程的一部分，但尽管如此，他们还是被混乱所迷住了。如果对混乱的全神贯注引起了对秩序的追求，那么对秩序的追求反过来又引起了对秩序的狂热。这种辩证法构成了我们称之为美国现代主义的灾难性逻辑。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rozario, Kevin L.;

  • 作者单位

    Yale University.;

  • 授予单位 Yale University.;
  • 学科 History United States.; American Studies.; Sociology Social Structure and Development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 369 p.
  • 总页数 369
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;社会结构和社会关系;
  • 关键词

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