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首页> 外文学位 >Building neighborhood and local emergency capability: The role of community-based disaster preparedness programs.
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Building neighborhood and local emergency capability: The role of community-based disaster preparedness programs.

机译：建设邻里和地方应急能力：基于社区的备灾计划的作用。

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Communities in California face a classic planning problem: dealing with certain events that will occur at an uncertain time in the future. The problem in this case is natural disasters, and specifically earthquakes. California is considered "earthquake country," with communities in the urban regions of San Francisco and Los Angeles at high risk for damaging earthquakes, some potentially catastrophic.; The recurrence of earthquakes in California has created a new form of disaster preparedness, based on community self-reliance rather than local or state governments as the initial responder. These community-based programs have taken shape in several ways, but the most successful among them integrate earthquake preparedness activities at the neighborhood block level.; This dissertation examines the emergence of community-based disaster preparedness programs in general, creating a typology of community-based programs. It also focuses on one program in particular. With 70% of its neighborhoods participating in its earthquake preparedness program, the City of Albany was chosen for a more thorough examination. Earthquake preparedness activity data from over 700 Albany households were compared to a control city, and the San Francisco Bay Area. In-depth interviews with 54 key informants, or block leaders, in the program provide insight at the block level, and provide a means of organizational comparison among the different blocks.; At the household level, the research shows that neighborhood-based disaster preparedness programs can have a significant positive impact on household earthquake preparedness, indicating higher levels of preparedness activity when compared to a control city without a program, as well as a random sample of the general population in the region. At the neighborhood block level, the program can dramatically alter the interaction that takes place on the block, and transform the quality of life as perceived by the residents. These results are traced to the effectiveness of peer networks and the creation of an accepting environment, a "preparedness community," that makes discussion and action regarding earthquake preparedness a part of the community culture.; The research demonstrates that community-based disaster preparedness programs, if targeted to the neighborhood block level, can be an effective means of increasing the capability of individual and neighborhoods to respond to emergencies. The program further serves as a catalyst for increased interaction and shared activity, and neighborhood residents report that they feel a greater sense of community.
机译：加利福尼亚州的社区面临着一个经典的规划问题：处理某些将来可能会不确定的事件。在这种情况下，问题是自然灾害，特别是地震。加利福尼亚被认为是“地震大国”，旧金山和洛杉矶城市地区的社区遭受破坏性地震的风险很高，有些甚至可能造成灾难性后果。加州地震的再次发生，建立了一种新的备灾形式，其基础是社区的自力更生，而不是地方或州政府作为第一响应者。这些以社区为基础的计划已经以多种方式形成，但是其中最成功的是在邻里街区进行地震防备活动。本文从总体上考察了基于社区的备灾方案的出现，从而创建了基于社区的方案的类型学。它还特别关注一个程序。奥尔巴尼市有70％的社区参加了地震防灾计划，因此被选中进行更彻底的检查。将来自700多个奥尔巴尼家庭的防震活动数据与一个控制城市以及旧金山湾区进行了比较。该计划中对54位主要信息提供者或部门负责人的深入访谈提供了对部门的了解，并提供了不同部门之间进行组织比较的方式。在家庭一级，研究表明，基于邻里的灾难防灾计划可以对家庭地震防灾产生重大的积极影响，这表明与没有计划的对照城市以及随机抽样的城市相比，备灾活动的水平更高该地区的总人口。在社区街区级别，该程序可以极大地改变街区发生的互动，并改变居民所感知的生活质量。这些结果可追溯到对等网络的有效性以及创建一个可接受的环境（一个“备灾社区”）的过程，使有关备灾的讨论和行动成为社区文化的一部分。该研究表明，如果针对社区街区级别的基于社区的灾难准备计划，可以成为提高个人和社区应对紧急情况能力的有效手段。该计划进一步促进了互动和共享活动的发展，社区居民报告说，他们感到社区意识增强。

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