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F-specific coliphages and their serogroups, and Bacteroides fragilis phages as indicators of estuarine water and shellfish quality.

机译：F特异的噬菌体及其血清群，以及脆弱的拟杆菌（Bacteroides fragilis）噬菌体可作为河口水和贝类质量的指标。

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摘要

Fecal contamination of coastal areas used for primary contact recreation and harvesting of bivalve molluscan shellfish is a health concern. The bacterial indicators used to judge the sanitary quality do not reliably predict viral contamination or risk from them. F-specific (F+) RNA coliphages and Bacteroides fragilis (BF) phages have been suggested as indicators for viral contamination in water, but systematic studies are limited in seawater and shellfish. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation on these phages as indicators, which included (i) development of detection methods, (ii) virus survival experiments, and (iii) field studies in a well-characterized estuarine creek subject to human, point source sewage effluent contamination. In field studies, bacterial indicators, including fecal coliforms, E. coli, enterococci, and Cl. perfringens were analyzed in water and oysters, and enteric viruses were analyzed in oysters by cell culture followed by RT-PCR and oligoprobing for enhanced detection.;F+ coliphages on hosts S. typhimurium WG49 and E. coli Famp were enumerated with adequate recovery from seawater using membrane filter methods, and from oysters by extraction in nutrient broth. They were conservative predictors of sewage treatment efficacy (primary and secondary treatment and chlorination) and of fecal contamination in oysters and receiving waters. Furthermore, their levels were associated with the degree of fecal contamination. However, their greater inactivation then enteric viruses in seawater at high temperature compromises the usefulness of F+ coliphages as indicators of viral contamination. The usage of F+ coliphage serotyping was generally successful in distinguishing between human and animal fecal contamination. The exception was for pigs. F+ coliphage serogroup II, which is predominant in human sewage in this region, also was abundant in pig feces and swine lagoon waste.;BF phages on B. fragilis VPI 3625 showed greater survival in seawater then the enteric viruses tested. However, they were unsuitable as indicators because (i) the levels in treated sewage effluent and receiving water and oysters were too low for reliable detection, and (ii) the recoveries of detection methods were not as reliable as for coliphages due to small plaque size. BF phages detected on host VPI 3625 were not specific indicators of human fecal contamination.
机译：用于主要接触活动和双壳软体动物贝类收获的沿海地区的粪便污染是对健康的关注。用于判断卫生质量的细菌指标不能可靠地预测病毒污染或由此产生的风险。 F特异性（F +）RNA大肠杆菌噬菌体和脆弱拟杆菌（BF）噬菌体已被建议用作水中病毒污染的指标，但系统研究仅限于海水和贝类。在这项研究中，我们对这些噬菌体作为指示剂进行了全面研究，包括（i）检测方法的开发，（ii）病毒存活实验以及（iii）在特征明确的受人支配的河口小河中进行的现场研究。源污水污染。在野外研究中，细菌指标包括粪便大肠菌，大肠杆菌，肠球菌和Cl。在水和牡蛎中分析产气荚膜杆菌，然后通过细胞培养，RT-PCR和寡核苷酸探针检测牡蛎中的肠病毒，以增强检测效果；对宿主鼠伤寒沙门氏菌WG49和大肠杆菌Famp上的F +噬菌体进行了计数，并从海水中进行了适当回收使用膜滤方法，并从牡蛎中提取营养液。它们是污水处理功效（初级和二级处理以及氯化）以及牡蛎和接收水中粪便污染的保守预测指标。此外，它们的水平与粪便污染的程度有关。但是，它们在高温下比海水中的肠道病毒更易失活，这损害了F +噬菌体作为病毒污染指标的作用。 F +大肠杆菌噬菌体血清分型的使用通常可以成功区分人和动物的粪便污染。猪除外。在该地区人类污水中占主导地位的F +大肠杆菌噬菌体血清群II在猪粪和猪泻湖废物中也很丰富。脆弱型芽孢杆菌VPI 3625上的BF噬菌体在海水中的存活率高于被测试的肠病毒。但是，它们不适合作为指标，因为（i）处理后的污水，接收的水和牡蛎中的水平太低，无法可靠地检测；并且（ii）由于噬菌斑小，检测方法的回收率不如对噬菌体可靠。在宿主VPI 3625上检测到的BF噬菌体不是人类粪便污染的特定指标。

著录项

  • 作者

    Chung, Hyenmi.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Environmental science.;Public health.;Microbiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1993
  • 页码 240 p.
  • 总页数 240
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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