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Evolution and genetics of functionally-related traits, male wing pigmentation and courtship behavior, in the oriental Drosophila melanogaster species group.

机译：功能性性状，雄性机翼色素沉着和求爱行为的进化和遗传学，在东方果蝇中。

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The evolution of one morphological trait usually depends on or is facilitated by functionally related traits, such as physiological, behavioral, or other morphological traits. In the Oriental Drosophila melanogaster species group, some species possess male-specific pigmentation in the apical wing area, referred to as wing spots. Wing spots have been proposed to evolutionarily couple with frontal-wing-display in courtship. But the proposal that sexual selection shapes the evolution of wing spots is still untested. In theory, sexual selection on a wing spot display could be promoted by genetic correlations between the pigmentation and behavioral components of this complex trait. How often this scenario might occur nature is unknown. In this dissertation, the functionality, evolutionary history, and genetic architecture of wing spots and courtship behavior were explored using various approaches. First, wing spots were found to serve as a visual stimulus via frontal wing display in behavioral essays, which support the hypothesis that sexual selection drives the evolution of wing spots and wing display behavior. Second, the association between wing pigmentation and wing display behavior was confirmed to be robust phylogenetically. This part of the study also revealed that courtship songs, another male display component, evolve rapidly and exhibit novel features in this clade. Third, genetic analysis in a pair of crossable species, one of which having lost both wing spots and wing displays, elucidated the genetic correlation of these two traits. Interestingly, the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for wing pigmentation and one QTL for wing display behavior are located on the same region of the X chromosome, indicating either close linkage or pleiotropy. This finding provides a possible genetic mechanism for the coordinate evolution of these two traits. A central focus of modern evolutionary biology has been on the genetic underpinnings of morphological evolution. This study takes this question one step further by providing insights on the evolutionary integration of a morphological trait and the behavior by which it is utilized.

机译：一种形态性状的进化通常取决于功能相关性状，例如生理性，行为性或其他形态性状，或由其促进。在东方果蝇种组中，一些种在顶翼区域具有雄性特异性色素沉着，称为翼斑。已经提出了翼点在进化上与前翼展示相结合。但是关于性选择影响翅膀斑点进化的提议仍然未经检验。从理论上讲，通过这种复杂性状的色素沉着和行为成分之间的遗传相关性，可以促进翼展上的性选择。这种情况多久发生一次自然是未知的。本文利用多种方法探讨了翼缘的功能，进化史，遗传结构和求爱行为。首先，在行为作文中，通过前翅展示发现了翅斑作为视觉刺激，这支持了性别选择驱动翅斑和翅展示行为进化的假说。第二，机翼色素沉着和机翼展示行为之间的关联被证实在系统发育上是可靠的。研究的这一部分还揭示了求爱歌曲，这是男性的另一种表现成分，在这种进化枝中迅速发展并展现出新颖的特征。第三，对一对可交配物种的遗传分析阐明了这两个性状的遗传相关性，其中一对可交配物种失去了翅膀的斑点和翅膀的展示。有趣的是，机翼色素沉着的主要数量性状位点（QTL）和机翼显示行为的一个QTL位于X染色体的同一区域，表明紧密连锁或多效性。这一发现为这两个性状的协调进化提供了可能的遗传机制。现代进化生物学的中心焦点一直放在形态进化的遗传基础上。这项研究通过提供有关形态特征的进化整合及其利用行为的见解，使这一问题更进一步。

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作者
Yeh, Shu-Dan.;
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作者单位

State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

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授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
学科 Biology Entomology.;Biology Evolution and Development.;Biology Genetics.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 2009
页码 289 p.
总页数 289
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类
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入库时间 2022-08-17 11:37:47

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1. The Genetic Architecture of Coordinately Evolving Male Wing Pigmentation and Courtship Behavior in Drosophila elegans and Drosophila gunungcola [J] . Shu-Dan Yeh, John R. True G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics . 2014,第11期

机译：果蝇和果蝇果蝇雄性色素沉着和求爱行为的协调进化结构。
2. Genetics of divergence in male wing pigmentation and courtship behavior between Drosophila elegans and D. gunungcola [J] . Yeh S.D., Liou S.R., True J.R. Heredity: An International Journal of Genetics . 2006,第5期

机译：果蝇和雄果蝇之间雄性机翼色素沉着和求爱行为的分歧遗传
3. Genetics of divergence in male wing pigmentation and courtship behavior between Drosophila elegans and D-gunungcola [J] . Yeh SD, Liou SR, True JR Heredity: An International Journal of Genetics . 2006,第5期

机译：果蝇和D-gunungcola之间雄性机翼色素沉着和求爱行为的分歧遗传
4. Simulating Evolution of Drosophila Melanogaster Ebony Mutants Using a Genetic Algorithm [C] . Glennie Helles . 2009

机译：利用遗传算法模拟果蝇黑檀木突变体的进化
5. fitting it all together: How courtship- and mating-responsive genes affect Drosophila melanogaster male behavior [D] . Ellis, Lisa Lynn. 2010

机译：将它们整合在一起：求爱和交配反应基因如何影响果蝇的男性行为
6. The Genetic Architecture of Coordinately Evolving Male Wing Pigmentation and Courtship Behavior in Drosophila elegans and Drosophila gunungcola [O] . Shu-Dan Yeh, John R. True 2014

机译：果蝇和雄果蝇协调进化的雄性翼色素沉着和求爱行为的遗传结构。
7. Decision-making is the process of analyzing information about a problem situation and comparing it to a specific conclusion in order to solve a specific problematic (Yıkılmaz, 2001; Miller and Byrnes, 2001). Decision-making styles are a mechanism that is influenced by the internal and external conditions that determine the direction of the decisions of the individual, the content of the decision-making process, and the outcome of the decision-making process (Payne, Bettman and Johson, 1993; Bavol’ár and Orosová, 2015). ACT is a contemporary member of the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy family. ACT (Acceptance and commitment therapy) has both similar and different directions with Behavioral Therapies and Cognitive Therapies (Herbet and Forman, 2011; Hayes, 2004). KKT responds to classical behavioral treatments using both existential and cognitive approaches in the analysis of behavior. KKT is a science wing that tries to solve human problems with a wider perspective aimed at solving problematic human behaviors (Plumb, Stewart, Dahl and Lundgren, 2009). It is seen that there is very little research about the new approach of ACT approach when the aiming country of our country is screened and it is thought that our country will contribute to the field of psychological counseling with the work done. In the scope of the research, experimental and control groups and preliminary test, post-test and follow-up measurements of 2x3 experimental design were used. The study's study group consists of a total of 24 (12 experimental and 12 control groups) university students studying in different departments and levels, continuing their education in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Ağrı province and İbrahim Chechen University in 2015-2016 academic year. The average age of participants in the experiment and control group is 20. There were 12 participants in the experimental group, 7 female and 5 male, and 12 participants, 7 female and 5 male in the control group. Personal Information Form and Decision Making Style Scale prepared by the researcher were used in the research. In order to decide on the tests to be used in the course of analyzing the data, the scores of the participant's Decision Styles Scale pre-test, which are placed primarily in the experimental and control groups, it was analyzed whether the basic expectations of parametric tests were answered. As a result of the analysis made, the scores, skewness and kurtosis coefficients obtained from the Decision Making Styles Scale were given to the experimental and control groups. It was determined that the distribution was normal in the result of Shapiro-Wilk test, in which the skewness and kurtosis coefficients of each sub-scale were ranked between -1 and +1. Participants in the experimental and control groups; homogeneity test results for decision-style pre-test measurements indicate that the data are homogeneous. According to the results of the Mauchly Globalness Test, it has been determined that working supports the hypothesis. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores obtained from dependent decision-making style of experiment and control groups, but the test group showed lower mean scores at the significant level within the scores of post-test and follow-up tests. Therefore, it can be said that the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group reduces the dependent decision-making style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions and the psychoeducation program has a lasting effect. It was determined that there was no significant difference between pre-test, post-test and follow-up scores obtained from the Spontaneous-Instant Decision Style of experiment and control groups. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not cause a significant difference in the Spontaneous-Decision-Making Style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the ACT-oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The ACT -oriented psychoeducation program had a decline in the intuitive decision-making styles of the individuals, but this decrease did not create significant differences. Thus, it can be said that this situation does not make a meaningful difference in the intuitive decision style scores from the decision style sub-dimensions of the KKT oriented psychoeducation program applied to the experimental group. The pre-test scores obtained from the rational decision-making style of the experimental and control groups showed that there was a difference between the post-test and the follow-up scores, but this difference was not significant. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the test group had higher levels of rational decision style than the pre - test scores in the post test and follow - up scores, whereas the post test and follow - up test scores in the control group rational decision style showed a decrease compared to the pre - test scores. the pre - test scores. Decision-making Styles Scale Avoidant Decision Making As a result of the analysis of the mean scores of the subscale scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measures, the group effect was found to be insignificant. It was determined that the experimental and control groups differed significantly from the pre-test scores obtained from the avoidant decision-making style but did not show any significant change within the scores of the post-test and follow-up tests. [O] . mustafa ercengiz, ali haydar şar 2018

机译：决策是分析有关问题情况的信息并将其与特定结论进行比较的过程，以解决特定的问题（Yıkılmaz，2001; Miller和Byrnes，2001）。决策风格是一种机制，受到内部和外部条件的影响，确定个人决定的方向，决策过程的内容以及决策过程的结果（PAYNE，BETTMAN和BEDNE） Johson，1993;Bavol'ár和奥萨洛瓦，2015）。法案是认知行为治疗家庭的当代成员。行为（验收和承诺治疗）具有与行为疗法和认知疗法的类似和不同方向（Herbet和Forman，2011; Hayes，2004）。 KKT在分析行为中使用存在性和认知方法来响应古典行为治疗方法。 KKT是一个科学翼，试图解决人类问题，旨在解决有问题的人类行为（铅垂，斯图尔特，Dahl和Lundgren，2009）。有人认为，当我们国家的瞄准国家进行筛选时，有关行动方法的新方法几乎没有研究，并且认为我们的国家将为完成工作做出贡献的心理咨询领域。在研究的范围内，使用实验和对照组和初步测试，使用后测试和后续测量的2x3实验设计。该研究的研究小组包括共24名（12个实验和12个对照组）大学学生在不同的部门和水平上学习，在2015-2016学术上继续进行2015-2016的学术年度2015-2016学年年。实验和对照组参与者的平均年龄是20.实验组中有12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性，12名参与者，7名女性和5名男性。研究人员准备的个人信息表格和决策制定风格规模在研究中使用。为了决定在分析数据的过程中使用的测试，参与者的决策风格刻度预测的分数主要在实验和对照组中进行，分析了参数的基本期望吗？测试得到了回答。由于对实验和对照组给出了从决策曲调标度获得的分数，偏移和峰度分子系数。确定该分布是正常的在成熟的-WILK试验结果中，其中每亚级的偏差和刚度系数在-1到+1之间排名。实验和对照组的参与者;决策式预测测量的同质性测试结果表明数据是均匀的。根据毛毛环保试验的结果，已确定工作支持假设。据确定，从依赖决策风格的实验和对照组获得的预测分数之间没有显着差异，但测试组在测试后的分数内显示出较低的平均分数和后续的分数 - 测试。因此，可以说，应用于实验组的面向活动的心理教育程序减少了决策风格子维度的依赖决策风格分数，并且心理教育程序具有持久的效果。据确定，从实验和对照组自发决策风格获得的预测试，测试后和后续评分之间没有显着差异。因此，可以说这种情况不会导致从应用于实验组的活动导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数的自发决策风格分数显着差异。行为的心理教育计划在个人直观的决策风格下降，但这种减少并没有产生显着的差异。因此，可以说，这种情况不会在从应用于实验组的KKT导向的心理教育程序的决策风格分数中产生有意义的决策风格分数。从实验和对照组的理性决策风格获得的预测分数显示后检验后和随访评分之间存在差异，但这种差异并不重要。由于分析，确定测试组的理性决策风格较高，而不是后测试和后续分数的预测分数，而对照组合理决策风格的后测试和后续测试分数显示出与预测试分数相比的减少。预测分数。决策款式扩展避免决策由于分析了预测试，测试后和后续措施的班次评分的平均分数，发现群体效应是微不足道的。确定实验和对照组从避免决策风格获得的预测评分中显着不同，但在测试后和后续测试的分数内没有显示出任何重大变化。

Evolution and genetics of functionally-related traits, male wing pigmentation and courtship behavior, in the oriental Drosophila melanogaster species group.

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