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The emergence of the Cavendish School: An early history of the Cavendish Laboratory, 1871-1900.

机译：卡文迪许学派的出现：卡文迪许实验室的早期历史，1871-1900年。

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The intent of this thesis is to demonstrate how the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University evolved from being a somewhat insulated university physics laboratory to becoming one of the most important research centers. I challenge the prevailing opinions that the Cavendish Laboratory flourished only after 1895 because non-Cambridge graduates were first introduced in the University and that the previous history was of secondary importance in accounting for the sudden expansion of the Laboratory thereafter. I argue that the influx of so-called advanced students was but one of the causes of the success of the Cavendish School. J. J. Thomson's work on the cathode rays using the newly discovered Rontgen rays, the discovery of electron, his ascendency to prominence as one of top physicists were not merely the result of the introduction of advanced students. All of these events occurred simultaneously. Such coincidences could converge to a consequential historical event because the locus of these coincidences was well-prepared. That well-prepared locus was the Cavendish Laboratory under the leadership of J. J. Thomson with its twenty-five-year previous history. I roughly divide the thesis into four parts. The first part (1871-1879) describes the context in which the Cavendish Laboratory was built, and the ideas that Maxwell, the first Cavendish Professor, intended to plant in this new institution. The second part (1880-1884) is devoted to Rayleigh's period when the major organizational development occurred. The third part (1885-1894) is on J. J. Thomson's first ten years as the third Cavendish Professor, and in it I try to prove that this seemingly unimpressive period was in fact very crucial for preparing for the birth of the Cavendish School. The last part (1895-1900) then sees the emergence of the Cavendish School. Special attention is given to Cambridge University and its milieu, since the Cavendish Laboratory was built in and evolved in this very unique environment and, above all, it was an ingredient of the University's educational system.
机译：本论文的目的是证明剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室如何从一个相对孤立的大学物理实验室发展成为最重要的研究中心之一。我对普遍存在的观点提出质疑，即卡文迪许实验室仅在1895年之后才蓬勃发展，因为非剑桥大学的毕业生首先是从大学引进的，而先前的历史对于解释此后实验室的突然扩张具有次要的重要性。我认为，所谓的高级学生的涌入只是卡文迪许学校成功的原因之一。汤姆森（J. J. Thomson）使用新发现的伦琴射线在阴极射线上的工作，电子的发现，他作为顶尖物理学家之一的地位上升不仅是引进高级学生的结果。所有这些事件同时发生。这样的巧合可能会汇聚到相应的历史事件中，因为这些巧合的地点已经做好了充分的准备。准备充分的场所是在汤姆森（J. J. Thomson）领导下的卡文迪许实验室（Cavendish Laboratory），已有25年的历史。我将论文大致分为四个部分。第一部分（1871-1879）描述了卡文迪许实验室的建立背景，以及第一位卡文迪许教授麦克斯韦打算在这个新机构中种植的想法。第二部分（1880年至1884年）专门讨论瑞利的主要组织发展时期。第三部分（1885-1894年）是汤姆森（J. J. Thomson）担任第三位卡文迪许教授的头十年，在这本书中，我试图证明这一看似不令人印象深刻的时期实际上对于为卡文迪许学派的诞生做准备至关重要。最后一部分（1895-1900）然后是卡文迪许学派的兴起。由于卡文迪许实验室是在这个非常独特的环境中建立和发展的，因此对剑桥大学及其环境给予了特别关注，最重要的是，它是大学教育体系的组成部分。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Dong-Won.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 Science history.;Biographies.;Education history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 315 p.
  • 总页数 315
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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