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Effects of no-tillage and strip-intercropping on corn and soybean fauna

机译：免耕和间作对玉米和大豆区系的影响

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摘要

I observed the effects of agroecosystem diversification through tillage and cropping system practices on the most abundant invertebrate fauna of corn and soybean. Additionally, I examined the effects of habitat structure created by those agronomic practices on ground beetles' species composition. Twenty-four plots (18.3 x 15.8 m each) were arranged in a 3 by 2 factorial design with cropping systems (corn monoculture, soybean monoculture and strip-intercropping of corn and soybean) and tillage systems (no-tillage and conventional tillage) as factors. The soybean fauna was sampled by sweep net, D-vac, direct counts, pitfall traps and quadrat samples. The major pests and natural enemies of corn were sampled by direct counts and damage estimation. Carabids' species composition was analyzed by diversity indices and by measures of richness and evenness.;Results of analyses of variance (ANOVA) from 1988 through 1990 indicated inconsistent responses to treatment factors for most of the 28 soybean taxa present in significant numbers. However, responses based on significant results for any given year showed greater abundance of foliar organisms in intercropping (particularly natural enemies) and no-tillage plots. The soil fauna exhibited a trend for higher number in no-tillage, but no response to cropping system. We concluded that responses to treatments for most taxa were idiosyncratic, probably reflecting uncontrolled environmental conditions. Nonetheless, the overall responses to treatments support the theory of higher arthropod diversity in diversified agroecosystems.;Among the soil pests of corn, cutworms, armyworms and slugs were more abundant in no-tillage plots, although only slugs reached economically damaging levels. The western corn rootworm and the European corn borer were generally more abundant on conventional tillage. The strip-intercropping system was inefficient for reducing the western corn rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage plots, despite crop rotation.;There was no treatment differences in the total number of ground beetles measured by ANOVA. However, more species (greater richness) were collected in no-tillage plots in all three years. Soybean/conventional tillage plots usually had lower evenness because of the dominance of one species, Pterostichus chalcites Say, which strongly influenced the results of the diversity indices.
机译：我通过耕作和耕作制度实践观察了农业生态系统多样化对玉米和大豆最丰富的无脊椎动物区系的影响。此外，我研究了那些农艺实践对甲虫物种组成的栖息地结构的影响。将24个样地（每个18.3 x 15.8 m）按3乘2因子设计进行布置，并采用耕作系统（玉米单作，大豆单作和玉米和大豆的带间作）和耕作系统（免耕和常规耕作）作为耕作制度。因素。通过扫网，D-vac，直接计数，陷阱陷阱和四方取样对大豆动物区系进行采样。通过直接计数和损害估算对玉米的主要害虫和天敌进行了采样。通过多样性指数以及丰度和均匀度的度量来分析钩节菜的物种组成。1988年至1990年的方差分析（ANOVA）结果表明，大量存在的28种大豆分类中的大多数对处理因子的响应不一致。然而，基于任何一年的重要结果的答复显示，间作（尤其是天敌）和免耕地中的叶类生物数量较多。土壤动物的免耕数量呈增加趋势，但对耕作制度无反应。我们得出的结论是，大多数分类单元对治疗的反应都是特异的，可能反映了不受控制的环境条件。尽管如此，对处理的总体反应支持了多样化农业生态系统中节肢动物多样性更高的理论。在免耕地中，玉米，地老虎，粘虫和的土壤害虫更为丰富，尽管只有达到了经济破坏水平。西方玉米根虫和欧洲玉米bore在常规耕作中通常含量较高。尽管作物轮作，条带间作系统在减少西部玉米根虫侵扰方面效率低下，特别是在常规耕作地中；但通过方差分析测量的甲虫总数没有治疗差异。但是，在过去三年中，在免耕地中收集了更多的物种（丰富度更高）。大豆/常规耕作区的平整度通常较低，这是因为一种物种Pterostichus chalcites Say占主导地位，这严重影响了多样性指数的结果。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tonhasca, Athayde, Jr.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Entomology.;Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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