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首页> 外文学位 >An examination of two halophytes Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis for the production of phytoalexins.
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An examination of two halophytes Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis for the production of phytoalexins.

机译：检查两个盐生植物互花米草和芦苇对植物抗毒素的产生。

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Studies in terrestrial systems have shown that abiotic and biotic stresses may induce the production of phytoalexins in many plants. However, the extent to which this defense mechanism occurs in the plant kingdom is unknown. This study examined the response of the halophytes Spartina alterniflora Loisl. and Phragmites australis Trin. to abiotic and biotic stresses.; Field studies indicated that natural populations of Spartina contained a compound which was active against the marine fungus Phaeosphaeria typharum in an in vitro bioassay. Several related antifungal metabolites were detected in field samples of Phragmites. These compounds were effective against P. typharum as well as the marine fungus Buergenerula spartinae when combined. However, none were effective when tested individually suggesting that the antifungal activity was a result of synergy.; The antifungal metabolites detected in the field samples of Phragmites were isolated and characterized. Spectral data suggest that the compounds may be terpenoid derivatives.; Laboratory studies undertaken to determine if these naturally occurring antifungal metabolites could be induced in sterile plant and callus cultures revealed that the abiotic stress of mechanical wounding was ineffective in inducing a detectable phytoalexin response in any of the laboratory cultures. The biotic stress of inoculation or wounding followed by inoculation with the fungi used in the bioassay did not elicit a detectable response in sterile Spartina plants. However, Phragmites sterile plants and callus cultures stressed biotically contained an antifungal metabolite not present in control cultures. Thin layer chromatographic analyses suggest that the metabolite produced in the sterile plant and callus cultures may be the same as that detected in the field samples.; Treatments which induced the production of the antifungal metabolite in sterile Phragmites plants were used to determine if pathogenesis related (PR) proteins, which have been correlated with phytoalexins production, were also produced. Results of total protein analyses and electrophoretic studies suggest that PR proteins were not induced in the response of Phragmites to biotic stress.; Results of the field survey and laboratory experiments suggest that a biotic stress such as microbial invasion may induce the formation of antifungal metabolites in Phragmites australis plants.
机译：陆地系统的研究表明，非生物和生物胁迫可能会诱导许多植物中植物抗毒素的产生。但是，这种防御机制在植物界中发生的程度尚不清楚。这项研究审查了盐生植物互花米草Loisl的反应。和Phragmites australis Trin。非生物和生物压力。野外研究表明，在体外生物测定中，自然种群的Spartina含有一种对海洋真菌鼠伤寒杆菌具有活性的化合物。在芦苇的野外样品中检测到几种相关的抗真菌代谢物。当这些化合物结合使用时，它们对鼠疫杆菌和海生真菌Buergenerula spartinae有效。然而，当单独测试表明抗真菌活性是协同作用的结果时，没有一种是有效的。分离并鉴定了芦苇田间样品中检测到的抗真菌代谢物。光谱数据表明这些化合物可能是萜类衍生物。为确定这些天然存在的抗真菌代谢产物是否可在无菌植物和愈伤组织培养物中诱导而进行的实验室研究表明，机械损伤的非生物胁迫在任何实验室培养物中均无法诱导可检测的植物抗毒素反应。在无菌测定的Spartina植物中，接种或创伤后再接种生物测定中所用的真菌引起的生物胁迫均未引起可检测到的应答。然而，芦荟不育植物和愈伤组织培养物以生物方式强调含有对照培养物中不存在的抗真菌代谢产物。薄层色谱分析表明，无菌植物和愈伤组织培养物中产生的代谢产物可能与田间样品中检测到的代谢产物相同。在无菌芦苇植物中诱导产生抗真菌代谢物的处理方法用于确定是否也产生了与植物抗毒素相关的病程相关（PR）蛋白。总蛋白分析和电泳研究的结果表明，芦苇对生物胁迫的反应中未诱导PR蛋白。现场调查和实验室实验的结果表明，诸如微生物入侵之类的生物胁迫可能会诱导芦苇植物中抗真菌代谢产物的形成。

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