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Three economic essays on technology and competition; applications of John M. Clark's concepts to the cement industry, transfer pricing, and product pricing.

机译：关于技术和竞争的三篇经济论文； John M. Clark的概念在水泥行业中的应用，转让定价和产品定价。

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摘要

1. John M. Clark's concept of too strong competition: The U.S. cement industry as a possible case. The principal hypothesis of this essay is that the U.S. cement industry for the 60's and 70's illustrates Clark's concept of too strong competition. This paper examines the meaning Clark attached to "too strong competition" along with Stigler's objection and Clark's rejoinder. The paper presents a definition of under-capacity for evaluating too strong competition. The paper considers that the mainstream academic view has mischaracterized the cement industry 1909-1946. The paper offers evidence that in the 60's and early 70's cement profit margins were inadequate and were the proximate cause of reduced investment with consequences of severe capacity shortages 1972-1973 and 1978-1979.; 2. Transfer pricing for short-run profit maximization in manufacturing. This paper synthesizes the transfer pricing problem for a simple manufacturing model to three theoretical prerequisites or ingredients: quoted price system, durable and specific assets, and demand fluctuations. The writer contends that the transfer price problem in cost accounting literature is in actuality the peak-load problem in utility economics--a short-run problem on how to make optimal use of given fixed assets under demand fluctuations. The major implication is to support marginal-cost, incremental cost plus fixed fee, or dual pricing--methods which imply a low transfer price during periods of idle capacity.; 3. The economics of product pricing. The paper explains, with economic diagrams and numerical examples, economic theory for pricing in a simple manufacturing model. Goods are the quoted-price type as opposed to traded on organized commodity exchanges. Cost curves are linear until capacity. Capacity can be of the absolute type or not of the absolute type. The paper demonstrates profit maximization pricing for both types. Other topics discussed: advantages of price discrimination, cost-plus pricing, and behavioral impact of accounting methods on pricing.
机译：1.约翰·克拉克（John M. Clark）的过于激烈的竞争理念：美国水泥行业可能就是这种情况。本文的主要假设是，美国60年代和70年代的水泥行业说明了克拉克过于激烈的竞争的概念。本文研究了克拉克对“过于激烈的竞争”的重视，以及斯蒂格勒的反对和克拉克的反对。本文提出了用于评估过于激烈的竞争的能力不足的定义。本文认为，主流的学术观点误导了1909-1946年的水泥行业。本文提供的证据表明，在60年代和70年代初期，水泥的利润率不足，并且是导致投资减少的直接原因，并导致1972-1973年和1978-1979年严重的产能短缺。 2.转让定价，以实现制造业的短期利润最大化。本文将简单制造模型的转移定价问题综合到三个理论先决条件或要素：报价系统，耐用性和特殊资产以及需求波动。作者认为，成本会计文献中的转让价格问题实际上是公用事业经济学中的高峰负荷问题，这是在需求波动下如何最佳利用给定固定资产的短期问题。主要含义是支持边际成本，增量成本加上固定费用或双重定价-这种方法意味着在闲置容量期间的低转移价格。 3.产品定价的经济学。本文通过经济图表和数值示例，解释了简单制造模型中用于定价的经济学理论。货物是报价类型，而不是在有组织的商品交易所上交易。成本曲线是线性的，直到达到生产能力。容量可以是绝对类型，也可以不是绝对类型。本文演示了两种类型的利润最大化定价。讨论的其他主题：价格歧视，成本加成定价的优势以及会计方法对定价的行为影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Aranoff, Gerald.;

  • 作者单位

    City University of New York.;

  • 授予单位 City University of New York.;
  • 学科 Economics General.; Economics Commerce-Business.; Economics Theory.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 80 p.
  • 总页数 80
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 经济学;贸易经济;经济学;
  • 关键词

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