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首页> 外文学位 >Environmental control of growth, flowering and yield of lentil and chickpea in Saskatchewan.
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Environmental control of growth, flowering and yield of lentil and chickpea in Saskatchewan.

机译：萨斯喀彻温省小扁豆和鹰嘴豆生长，开花和产量的环境控制。

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摘要

Yield of a crop depends on growth and developmental responses to various environmental factors. Agronomic practices for high yield of two new crops of Saskatchewan, lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), must be based on these responses to variations of the local climate. Controlled environment and field studies were conducted: (1) to determine the effects of variations in temperature, soil moisture and radiation intensity on physiological characteristics and growth of Laird lentil and Cheston chickpea; (2) to determine the effects of temperature and photoperiod on time to first flower in five genotypes of lentil; and (3) to compare the efficiency of the degree-day, rate-factor and equivalent hours of maximum net photosynthesis (EHMNP) models for predicting time of first flower in the same five lentil genotypes.; The optimum temperature for net photosynthetic rate (P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar}) of both lentil and chickpea was around 18{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C. The decline of P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar} at high temperatures was accompanied by increases in respiration (R) and transpiration (E{dollar}sb1{dollar}) rates. Rates of all these physiological processes decreased as temperatures dropped below the optimum temperature. Exposure to a single hot day (35{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C) decreased P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar} of lentil for 6 to 78 h, but did not decrease P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar} of chickpea, whereas exposure to a single cold night (0{dollar}spcirc{dollar}C) decreased P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar} of chickpea for 6 to 54 h and P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar} of lentil for 30 h, depending on growth stage. Both exposures increased R only at a later growth stage of both species for at least 78 h. A soil moisture deficit decreased P{dollar}sb{lcub}rm n{rcub}{dollar}, E{dollar}sb1{dollar}, stomatal conductance ({dollar}gsb{lcub}rm s{rcub}{dollar}) and shoot water potential and accentuated leaf senescence of both species. Chickpea produced higher seed yield than lentil only at the lowest soil moisture supply, but both responded to irrigation. Radiation intensity did not affect {dollar}gsb{lcub}rm s{rcub}{dollar}, probably due to the short interval between changes in radiation intensity.; Low temperature or short photoperiod increased time to flower in all five genotypes of lentil in the controlled environments. However, in the field flowering responses were related to variation in temperature only.; All developmental models adequately predicted time of first flower of five lentil genotypes within each of six field environments. However, only degree-days and the two variations of the rate-factor adequately predicted the time of first flower over a wide range of environments. The rate-factor model based on mean daily temperature and photoperiod was most successful, but must be validated for each crop and each environment.
机译：作物的产量取决于对各种环境因素的生长和发育反应。萨斯喀彻温省两种新作物高产的农艺实践必须基于对当地气候变化的这些响应，而扁豆（Lens culinaris Medik。）和鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）。进行了受控的环境和田间研究：（1）确定温度，土壤湿度和辐射强度的变化对扁豆和切斯特鹰嘴豆生理特性和生长的影响； （2）确定温度和光周期对五种小扁豆第一朵花的时间的影响； （3）比较度日，速率因子和最大净光合作用（EHMNP）模型的当量小时，以预测相同五个扁豆基因型中第一朵花的时间。小扁豆和鹰嘴豆的净光合速率的最佳温度约为18℃。 P {dollar} sb {lcub} rm n {rcub} {dollar}在高温下的下降伴随着呼吸（R）和蒸腾（E {dollar} sb1 {dollar}）速率的增加。当温度降至最佳温度以下时，所有这些生理过程的速率都会降低。暴露在炎热的天气中（35 {sp} {dol}}降低了扁豆的P {dol} sb {lcub} rm n {rcub} {dol} {{}} 6至78小时，但P {dollar}却没有降低鹰嘴豆sb {lcub} rm n {rcub} {dollar}，而暴露于一个寒冷的夜晚（0 {dollar} spcirc {dollar} C）会降低P {dollar} sb {lcub} rm n {rcub} {dollar}取决于生长阶段，将鹰嘴豆放置6到54小时，然后将扁豆的P {dollar} s n {rcub} {n}} {dol}} 30小时。两种暴露仅在两个物种的至少生长后期至少78小时内才增加R。土壤水分亏缺降低了P {dollar} sb {lcub} rm n {rcub} {dollar}，E {dollar} sb1 {dollar}，气孔导度（{dollar} gsb {lcub} rm s {rcub} {dollar}）以及两种植物的水势和叶片衰老加剧。鹰嘴豆仅在土壤水分供应最低的情况下才能产生比扁豆更高的种子产量，但两者均对灌溉产生了响应。辐射强度没有影响，这可能是由于辐射强度变化之间的时间间隔很短。在受控环境中，低温或短光周期增加了所有五种基因型扁豆的开花时间。然而，在田间开花反应仅与温度变化有关。所有的发育模型都充分预测了六个田间环境中五种小扁豆基因型的第一朵花的时间。但是，只有度数天和比率因子的两个变化才能充分预测在广泛环境中的第一朵花的时间。基于平均日温度和光周期的速率因子模型最为成功，但必须针对每种作物和每种环境进行验证。

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