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Agents of change: Political culture, environmentalism and the European Community.

机译：变革的推动者：政治文化，环保主义和欧洲共同体。

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摘要

This dissertation adds to our understanding of change in international politics by exploring political implications of the ecocentric worldview widely espoused by transnational environmental interest groups (TEIGs). Ecocentric policies demand that protection of the ecosystem be the central concern in policy-making, politically, socially and economically, both domestically and internationally.;The principles, norms and values preferred by TEIGs are holistic; they require radical change in social, economic and political institutions. This provokes resistance by currently dominant institutions, including states, which tend to resist ecocentric policies even while recognizing a need for environmental protection. Ecocentrism challenges the fundamental doctrine of the international system, state sovereignty, thus attacking the approach to the study of international politics known as "realism.".;Societies react to change through cultural adaptation. Political cultures are sets of shared attitudes toward political objects, diffused through a common interpretation of common symbols among an identifiable group, and manifest in the political institutions created by the group. Ascription of political legitimacy (that which is perceived by a society as rational, effective, and right) is largely dependent on political culture.;Dealing effectively with transnational problems requires transnational cooperation. This study argues that effective transnational cooperation requires transcultural acceptance of common principles, norms and values; from a realist perspective an unlikely prospect. Postmaterialism, of which environmentalism is an intrinsic element, is thought by some scholars to represent a fundamental change in the way citizens of advanced industrial democracies view the world. Postmaterialism emphasizes quality of life issues such as belongingness, self-expression, and equality, in contrast with earlier "materialist" emphases upon economic and military security. The postmaterialist emphasis upon pluralistic participatory democracy, however, is inconsistent with the universalistic, holistic ethos of ecocentricity.;National political cultures are a finite set of subcultural types, each with its peculiar cosmology. Subcultures of the same type are easy to link transnationally, but the type of subculture TEIGs represent is congenitally unlikely to provide a foundation for mass political parties in pluralistic societies. A new international political culture would have to be built on a worldview common among existing cultures to ensure international cooperation.
机译：通过探索跨国环境利益集团（TEIGs）广泛拥护的以生态为中心的世界观的政治含义，本论文增强了我们对国际政治变革的理解。以生态为中心的政策要求在国内，国际上在政治，社会和经济上，对生态系统的保护成为决策的中心问题。； TEIGs首选的原则，规范和价值观是整体的；它们要求社会，经济和政治体制发生根本变化。这引起了包括国家在内的当前占主导地位的机构的抵制，即使承认环保的必要性，这些机构也倾向于抵制生态中心政策。生态中心主义对国际制度的基本理论国家主权提出了挑战，从而攻击了被称为“现实主义”的国际政治研究方法。社会通过文化适应对变化做出反应。政治文化是对政治对象的共同态度的集合，通过可识别的团体之间对共同符号的共同解释而传播，并体现在该团体创建的政治制度中。政治合法性的归属（在社会上被认为是理性，有效和正确的权利）在很大程度上取决于政治文化。有效处理跨国问题需要跨国合作。这项研究认为，有效的跨国合作需要跨文化接受共同的原则，规范和价值观。从现实主义的角度看，这是一个不太可能的前景。一些学者认为后环境主义是环境主义的内在因素，后物质主义代表了先进工业民主国家的人们看待世界的方式的根本变化。后唯物论强调生活质量问题，例如归属感，自我表达和平等，而早期的“唯物主义”则强调经济和军事安全。但是，后唯物主义者对多元参与民主的强调与生态中心主义的普遍主义，整体主义精神是不一致的。民族政治文化是亚文化类型的有限集合，每一种都有其独特的宇宙论。相同类型的亚文化很容易在跨国范围内建立联系，但是，TEIG所代表的亚文化类型就不可能为多元社会中的广大政党提供基础。必须在现有文化之间共有的世界观基础上建立一种新的国际政治文化，以确保国际合作。

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  • 作者

    Pendergraft, Curtis Archie.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University.;
  • 学科 International law.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1991
  • 页码 345 p.
  • 总页数 345
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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