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首页> 外文学位 >INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JOINT VENTURES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF U.S. FIRMS (DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, GENETIC ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, UNITED STATES).
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INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT JOINT VENTURES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: THE CASE OF U.S. FIRMS (DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, GENETIC ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, UNITED STATES).

机译：农业生物技术国际研究与发展合资企业：以美国公司（发展中国家，基因工程，技术转让，美国）为例。

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摘要

This research was undertaken to evaluate the appropriateness of joint ventures between organizations in developed and developing countries as a manner of conducting research in agricultural biotechnology. Four conditions supporting such ventures were studied in detail: (1) the long-term nature and site specificity of plant agricultural research; (2) the major role played by developing countries in global agricultural production and consumption; (3) the concentration of scientific expertise in developed countries, particularly Japan, Western Europe, and the United States; and (4) investment regulations in many developing countries requiring that local nationals be involved in foreign investments, often as venture partners. The essential elements of the organization were distilled from definitions of joint venture used by various regulatory and legislative sources as well as other researchers. The advantages and disadvantages of joint ventures, and ingredients for their success, were then summarized. A mail survey was administered to U.S. firms involved in biotechnology R&D, the results of which provided data on: (1) the pattern of international R&D in biotechnology over the past ten years; (2) factors which influence the firms' decision to implement an R&D joint venture hosted in a developing country; (3) preferred developing countries in which to locate a venture; and (4) the firm's intentions regarding international R&D arrangements in the near future.;The survey indicated that joint ventures between developed country firms and organizations in the developing world are viewed by a limited number of U.S. firms as an appropriate manner of conducting R&D in biotechnology, including plant agricultural applications of biotechnology. From the perspective of U.S. firms, partner organizations are likely to be located in countries which (1) are politically stable; (2) have strong patent and trade secret protection. (3) have markets for biotechnology based products; and (4) have the ability to absorb biotechnology. International R&D arrangements with organizations in other developed countries are expected to predominate in the near future. Changes in the policies of national governments and in firm attitudes were discussed that would encourage implementation of joint ventures hosted by developing countries in the future.
机译：进行这项研究是为了评估发达国家和发展中国家组织之间合资企业的适当性，以此作为进行农业生物技术研究的一种方式。详细研究了支持此类企业的四个条件：（1）植物农业研究的长期性质和地点特异性； （2）发展中国家在全球农业生产和消费中发挥的主要作用； （3）科学专长集中在发达国家，特别是日本，西欧和美国； （4）许多发展中国家的投资法规要求当地国民通常作为风险合伙人参与外国投资。该组织的基本要素是从各种监管和立法机构以及其他研究人员使用的合资企业定义中提炼出来的。然后总结了合资企业的优缺点和成功的要素。对参与生物技术研发的美国公司进行了邮件调查，调查结果提供了以下方面的数据：（1）过去十年中国际生物技术研发模式； （2）影响企业决定在发展中国家实施研发合资企业的因素； （3）设立企业的首选发展中国家； （4）该公司在不久的将来对国际R＆D安排的意图。该调查表明，少数美国公司将发达国家公司与发展中国家组织之间的合资企业视为在R＆D进行研发的适当方式。生物技术，包括植物在农业上的生物技术应用。从美国公司的角度来看，合作伙伴组织可能位于以下国家/地区：（1）政治稳定； （2）具有强大的专利和商业秘密保护。 （3）具有基于生物技术的产品的市场； （4）具有吸收生物技术的能力。与其他发达国家组织的国际研发安排预计将在不久的将来成为主流。讨论了各国政府政策和坚定态度的变化，这些变化将鼓励将来由发展中国家主办的合资企业的实施。

著录项

  • 作者

    WAGNER, CYNTHIA KAYE.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pennsylvania.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pennsylvania.;
  • 学科 Commerce-Business.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1986
  • 页码 321 p.
  • 总页数 321
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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