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首页> 外文学位 >A STUDY OF SORGHUM DISEASES IN HONDURAS, THEIR IMPORTANCE UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS, AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR CONTROL (YIELD LOSS, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, TROPICAL AGRICULTURE).
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A STUDY OF SORGHUM DISEASES IN HONDURAS, THEIR IMPORTANCE UNDER DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS, AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR CONTROL (YIELD LOSS, SUBSISTENCE FARMING, TROPICAL AGRICULTURE).

机译：对洪都拉斯的高粱疾病，其在不同种植系统下的重要性及其控制策略（产量损失，持续农业，热带农业）的研究。

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摘要

Twenty-one sorghum diseases were identified in different sorghum-growing regions of Honduras, of which eight were studied with regard to their effect on sorghum yield. Sorghum downy mildew, caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi, was studied by comparing three near-isogenic populations (resistant, intermediate, and susceptible), planted in a disease-free site and in the presence of the disease. A 52% incidence of downy mildew reduced yields by 46%.;A holistic, multivariate study, carried out in subsistence farmers' fields, produced a multiple regression model for estimating sorghum yields based on plant height, panicle length, and disease severity data. Using this model, a 14.6% yield reduction was estimated to be caused by gray leaf spot (Cercospora sorghi), based on severity levels observed in farmers' fields. Rust (Puccinia purpurea) was estimated to cause a 3.5% yield reduction, and oval leaf spot (Ramulispora sorghicola) reduced yields by 5.5%.;In controlled experiments using fungicide-protected and unprotected plots, zonate leaf spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi) caused a 15% yield reduction. Gray leaf spot, in a similar trial, reduced yields by 13.5% on the most popular improved cultivar (Tortillero).;When cropping systems were compared, sorghum-maize was found to have a lower oval leaf spot severity than sorghum alone, but the maize dwarf mosaic incidence was higher. Early planting resulted in higher disease severities than late planting of photoperiod-sensitive land race cultivars. Improved cultivars had fewer diseases, but higher severities, than land race cultivars when both were planted in the late planting season in August. Sorghum-pigeon pea intercropping increased gray leaf spot severity, as compared to sorghum alone. Sorghum-bean intercropping did not affect sorghum disease severities, or yields.;Paired comparisons of diseased and healthy plants showed that maize dwarf mosaic, an aphid-transmitted virus disease, caused a 52% yield reduction on traditional land race cultivars. The same technique was used to study the effect of Acremonium wilt, caused by Acremonium strictum, which caused a 36% yield reduction on a susceptible cultivar (BTX623), and a 33% yield loss on land race cultivars.;Sources of resistance for sorghum downy mildew, gray leaf spot, oval leaf spot, ladder spot (Cercospora fusimaculans), Acremonium wilt, and zonate leaf spot were identified by screening various international and local nurseries at several locations between 1983 and 1985.
机译：在洪都拉斯不同的高粱生长地区鉴定出21种高粱病，其中有8种对高粱产量的影响进行了研究。通过比较种植在无病地点和有病存在的三个近等基因种群（抗性，中度和易感），研究了由高粱Peronosclerospora sorghi引起的高粱霜霉病。 52％的霜霉病使单产降低了46％。;在自给自足的农民田间进行的一项全面，多变量研究得出了一种基于植物高度，穗长和病害严重性数据估算高粱产量的多元回归模型。使用该模型，根据在农民田间观察到的严重程度，估计灰叶斑病（Cercospora sorghi）导致产量降低了14.6％。估计锈病（Puccinia purpurea）导致产量降低3.5％，椭圆形叶斑（Ramulispora sorghicola）降低5.5％。产量降低15％。在一项类似的试验中，灰叶斑病使最受欢迎的改良品种（Tortillero）的单产降低了13.5％。当比较种植系统时，发现高粱玉米的椭圆形叶斑病严重程度低于单独的高粱，但是玉米矮花叶病发病率较高。早播比后期对光周期敏感的陆地种族品种的病害严重程度更高。当改良的品种都在八月下旬的播种季节播种时，与陆地种族品种相比，病害较少，但病死率更高。与单独的高粱相比，高粱-鸽子豌豆间作增加了灰色叶斑病的严重程度。高粱-大豆间作不会影响高粱疾病的严重性或产量。病态和健康植物的成对比较显示，玉米矮化花叶病（一种由蚜虫传播的病毒病）导致传统陆生品种的产量降低了52％。用相同的技术研究了由严格顶头孢霉引起的顶头孢霉枯萎的影响，它导致易感品种（BTX623）减产36％，对陆地种族品种造成33％的产量损失。;高粱抗药性的来源通过在1983年至1985年之间的多个地点对各种国际和本地苗圃进行筛选，确定了霜霉病，灰色叶斑，椭圆形叶斑，梯形斑（Cercospora fusimaculans），枯萎菌和带状叶斑。

著录项

  • 作者

    WALL, GEORGE CLAYTON.;

  • 作者单位

    Texas A&M University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas A&M University.;
  • 学科 Plant pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1986
  • 页码 120 p.
  • 总页数 120
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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