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首页> 外文学位 >TURBULENT FLUXES AT THE SURFACE AND AT THE INVERSION IN THE UNSTABLE BOUNDARY LAYER OVER COMPLEX HILLY TERRAIN (EVAPORATION, SENSIBLE HEAT, WATER VAPOR, ENTHOLPY, SWITZERLAND, SOUTH CHINA SEA).
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TURBULENT FLUXES AT THE SURFACE AND AT THE INVERSION IN THE UNSTABLE BOUNDARY LAYER OVER COMPLEX HILLY TERRAIN (EVAPORATION, SENSIBLE HEAT, WATER VAPOR, ENTHOLPY, SWITZERLAND, SOUTH CHINA SEA).

机译：在复杂的丘陵地区（蒸发，感热，水蒸气，焓，瑞士，南海）的不稳定边界层的表面和反面的湍流通量。

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Measurements were made of the profiles of mean wind velocity, V, of potential temperature, (theta), and of specific humidity, q, in the unstable atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over rugged hilly terrain. These data were obtained from radiosonde observations in a calibrated watershed of 3.2 km('2) in the Pre-Alpine region of Switzerland during the summer of 1982.; The q-profile was found to be logarithmic over roughly half the ABL thickness (i.e., 0.5 h where h is the height of the ABL below the inversion). The data indicate that the shapes of the V-profile and q-profile are practically independent of the Monin-Obukhov parameter (z-d(,o))/L but they display some dependency on baroclinicity and the relative magnitude of z(,o)/h (where z(,o) is the roughness length). The profile method with V and q used to obtain hourly estimates of evaporation was found to give values which correlate reasonably well (R = 0.7) with the measured values.; The heat budget method usually overestimated the measured values of surface sensible heat flux, H. This is mainly attributed to radiative heating whose values were commonly the same order of magnitude as H. Several entrainment models based on the turbulent kinetic energy equation were tested with the estimated values of the inversion flux of virtual heat. It was found that a relatively simple equation of Tennekes (1973), which contains both a convective and mechanical term for entrainment, does as well as the more complicated parameterizations. In addition, the effect of water vapor on the magnitude of the buoyancy fluxes was observed to be important.; A general formulation based on first order closure assumptions to determine the gradient, (PAR-DIFF)g/(PAR-DIFF)z, in the mixed layer gave the best results when the shear velocity, u(,*), was included in the parameterizations of the eddy diffusivities. Similarly, two formulations were derived which gave reasonably good estimates for the inversion flux, again provided u(,*) was included.; Similar analyses on water vapor in the unstable ABL were performed with radiosonde data taken over the South China Sea. The best results for estimating (PAR-DIFF)q/(PAR-DIFF)z and the inversion flux were obtained with the convective velocity, w(,*).; Radiosonde data taken in the unstable boundary layer over rugged terrain and over the ocean suggest that the relative importance of mechanical-type as compared to convective-type turbulence on the fluxes of scalar quantities depends significantly on the size of the roughness obstacles, that is z(,o)/h.
机译：在崎hill不平的丘陵地带的不稳定大气边界层（ABL）中，测量了平均风速V，潜在温度（θ）和特定湿度q的分布。这些数据是从1982年夏季在瑞士阿尔卑斯山前地区3.2 km（'2）校准分水岭上的探空仪观测获得的；发现q-轮廓在ABL厚度的大约一半上是对数的（即0.5h，其中h是反演以下的ABL的高度）。数据表明，V形和q形的形状实际上与Monin-Obukhov参数（zd（，o））/ L无关，但它们显示出对斜度和z（，o）的相对大小的依赖性。 / h（其中z（，o）是粗糙度长度）。用V和q的分布图方法获得每小时的蒸发量估计值，发现该值给出的值与测量值有很好的相关性（R = 0.7）。热收支方法通常高估了表面感热通量H的测量值。这主要归因于辐射加热，其值通常与H处于相同的数量级。使用湍流动能方程对几种夹带模型进行了测试。虚热反演通量的估计值。结果发现，一个相对简单的Tennekes（1973）方程式包含对流和机械性夹带项，以及更复杂的参数化。另外，观察到水蒸气对浮力通量大小的影响很重要。当将剪切速度u（，*）包括在内时，基于一阶封闭假设来确定梯度（PAR-DIFF）g /（PAR-DIFF）z的通用公式给出了最佳结果涡流扩散率的参数化。类似地，推导了两个公式，它们给出了反演通量的合理良好的估计，再次假设包括u（，*）。利用在南中国海获得的探空仪数据对不稳定的ABL中的水蒸气进行了类似的分析。以对流速度w（，*）获得估计（PAR-DIFF）q /（PAR-DIFF）z和反演通量的最佳结果。在崎terrain的地形和海洋上的不稳定边界层中获取的无线电探空仪数据表明，机械型与对流型湍流相比，在标量通量上的相对重要性在很大程度上取决于粗糙度障碍的大小，即z （，哦。

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