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首页> 外文学位 >Cadre de planification de la chaine logistique base sur la representation des procedes pour l'amelioration de la rentabilite de l'industrie des pates et papiers.
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Cadre de planification de la chaine logistique base sur la representation des procedes pour l'amelioration de la rentabilite de l'industrie des pates et papiers.

机译：基于流程表示的供应链计划框架，用于提高纸浆和造纸行业的盈利能力。

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摘要

The main objective of this project was to demonstrate the benefits, for a commodity-product industry such as P&P, of a margin-centric approach that incorporates production capability in SC planning problems. More specifically, this study aimed to show the value of incorporating process knowledge for SC decision making by (1) using a multidisciplinary cost modeling approach reflecting the impact on cost of the process conditions at the mill, (2) applying advanced decision support tools to better manage the fibre SC in P&P and finally, (3) incorporating the manufacturing flexibility at the mill as a "tool" for managing the SC. To this end, the research project was carried out using a case study defined in close collaboration with an industrial partner. The case study consists of the fibre procurement, production and distribution/demand cycles of an existing high-yield market pulp mill.;First, a multi-scale on-line planning approach, which fits the actual decision-making processes by taking into account their dynamic nature and the decision levels, was developed. At the higher level, an aggregate capacity planning model helps to find, given the available forecasts, the optimal balance between fibre supply and demand throughout the year. At the lower level, a campaign planning and order scheduling model helps to maximize short-term profitability given the SC capability and supply and demand orders. The results obtained show that the common heuristics typically used are only valid for specific business environments and that, in this context, alternative approaches based on the use of decision-support tools should be considered.;Second, a method has been proposed to structure and analyze key process and cost data and to develop a bottom-up cost model providing more transparent information for the evaluation of cost drivers. An operations-driven cost model, which emphasizes the analysis of the links between resources, process activities and cost objects (ABC-like), improves the traceability of the direct manufacturing costs in P&P. The results obtained show that, compared to traditional cost accounting methods used at the mill, the proposed approach allows for better characterization of the cost structure of the mill, based on various process conditions that affect the use of resources.;Thirdly, the potential benefits of a margin-centric approach have been demonstrated. For this, two management strategies, elaborated in collaboration with the industrial partner, were considered: the first consists of varying the production capacity at the mill in order to reach a more profitable alignment between production and demand, and the second consists of exploiting the manufacturing flexibility at the mill (based on chips input ratios) in order to support more effective fibre supply procurement. Given the importance of the trade-offs between the mill and the SC performances, these margin-centric approaches have been addressed by combining the cost modeling and SC planning techniques discussed earlier. The results obtained show that, contrary to production-centric and recipe-based management practices, a better representation of the mill's operations at the SC level facilitates the implementation of more profitable strategies that better exploit the process capability in the context of the SC.;Based on the research work carried out, three main contributions have been identified: (1) A SC planning framework that ensures, through an analytical approach to exploiting the lower-level process data in a business context, the adequate representation of the manufacturing cycle within the SC and allows the P&P industry to benefit from a margin-centric SCM approach; (2) A SC decision support tool for the tactical and operational planning in P&P, helping decision makers to better evaluate the trade-offs and manage the complexity related to the effective coordination of the fibre SC, according to the business environment; (3) An operations-driven cost modeling approach that, given its emphasis on the process perspective as a source of costs in continuous manufacturing environments, improves the characterization of direct costs as a function of the operating conditions in P&P mills. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：该项目的主要目的是证明以利润为中心的方法对商品生产行业（如P＆P）的好处，该方法将生产能力纳入SC计划问题中。更具体地说，本研究旨在展示通过（1）使用反映成本对工厂工艺条件成本影响的多学科成本建模方法，将过程知识纳入SC决策的价值，（2）将高级决策支持工具应用于更好地管理P＆P中的光纤SC，最后，（3）将工厂的生产灵活性纳入管理SC的“工具”。为此，该研究项目是通过与行业合作伙伴密切合作定义的案例研究进行的。案例研究包括现有高产量市场制浆厂的纤维采购，生产以及分销/需求周期。首先，一种多尺度在线计划方法，该方法通过考虑到实际决策过程来进行他们的动态性质和决策水平得到了发展。在较高级别上，如果有可用的预测，则总容量规划模型有助于找到全年光纤供求之间的最佳平衡。在较低级别上，给定SC能力以及供需订单，活动计划和订单计划模型有助于最大化短期获利能力。获得的结果表明，通常使用的通用启发式方法仅对特定的业务环境有效，并且在这种情况下，应考虑使用决策支持工具的替代方法。第二，提出了一种结构化和构建方法。分析关键流程和成本数据，并开发自下而上的成本模型，为评估成本动因提供更透明的信息。运营驱动成本模型强调分析资源，流程活动和成本对象之间的联系（类似于ABC），可提高P＆P中直接制造成本的可追溯性。获得的结果表明，与工厂中使用的传统成本会计方法相比，该方法可以根据影响资源使用的各种工艺条件更好地表征工厂的成本结构。第三，潜在收益以保证金为中心的方法已得到证明。为此，考虑了与行业合作伙伴合作制定的两种管理策略：第一种包括改变轧机的生产能力以实现生产与需求之间更有利可图的结合，第二种包括利用制造工厂的灵活性（基于切屑输入比），以支持更有效的纤维供应采购。鉴于工厂与SC性能之间的权衡取舍的重要性，这些以利润率为中心的方法已经通过结合之前讨论的成本建模和SC规划技术得到解决。得到的结果表明，与以生产为中心和以配方为基础的管理做法相反，更好地表示供应商在SC级别上的运营状况有助于实施更具盈利性的策略，从而更好地利用SC的过程能力。在进行的研究工作的基础上，确定了三个主要贡献：（1）一个SC计划框架，该框架通过一种分析方法来确保在业务环境中利用较低级别的过程数据来确保对制造周期的充分表示。 SC，并允许P＆P行业从以利润为中心的SCM方法中受益； （2）用于P＆P中战术和运营计划的SC决策支持工具，可根据业务环境，帮助决策者更好地评估权衡并管理与光纤SC有效协调相关的复杂性； （3）一种操作驱动的成本建模方法，该方法强调过程视角作为连续制造环境中的成本来源，从而改善了直接成本作为P＆P工厂运行条件的函数的特征。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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