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首页> 外文学位 >THE BIONOMICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF NEW ENGLAND SPONGILLA-FLIES (NEUROPTERA: SISYRIDAE).
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THE BIONOMICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF NEW ENGLAND SPONGILLA-FLIES (NEUROPTERA: SISYRIDAE).

机译：新英格兰海绵类鱼类的生物组学和形态（神经生物学：西西里科）。

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摘要

Larvae of the small insect family Sisyridae (Neuroptera) are parasites of fresh-water sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Little detail was known of their ecology and comparative morphological studies and revisions were few. This work is a comparative study of the ecology and internal anatomy of two sympatric New World species found in Connecticut: Sisyra vicaria Walker and Climacia areolaris (Hagen). The data aid in understanding the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of the Sisyridae and the Neuroptera.;Laboratory colonies and monitoring of field populations revealed that C. areolaris is bivoltine and overwinter as aquatic second instars. Larvae of each generation utilize photoperiod to initiate and terminate diapause. Sisyra vicaria is univoltine and overwinter in terrestrial eggs as pharate first instars. Photoperiod has little apparent control over diapause expression. Sisyra vicaria appears after the first generation of C. areolaris. It is concluded that ecological interactions between the species are slight or non-existent. Larvae of both species are non-host-specific, utilizing seven species of Porifera. Adults are nocturnal scavengers. Fecundity, embryonic development, hatching, and predators and parasites were also studied.;The internal anatomy of sisyrids and other neuropterans was studied through comparative dissections of specimens and examples from the literature. There are few major differences between the egg chorion, egg burster, or digestive, neural, and reproductive systems of C. areolaris and S. vicaria. However, the neural and female reproductive systems differ greatly from that of other neuropterans. At metamorphosis, four ganglia of the sisyrid ventral nervous system fuse with other ganglia; in other neuropterans, only two become fused. Study of the internal female reproductive system shows that a major duct, the fertilization canal, is missing in the Sisyridae but present in nearly all other Neuroptera and Megaloptera. Presence of the duct in Raphidioptera indicates the canal is a symplesiomorphic character for these three sister groups. Sisyrids have apparently lost this canal.;It is concluded that, sisyrids have broad ecological tolerances and facile life history strategies; though phylogenetic relationships remain obscure, sisyrid morphology indicates a long and independent evolution separate from other neuropterans.
机译：小型昆虫科西斯里科（Neuroptera）的幼虫是淡水海绵（Porifera：Spongillidae）的寄生虫。对其生态学知之甚少，对形态学的比较研究和修订很少。这项工作是对康涅狄格州发现的两种同伴新世界物种：西西拉·维克里亚·沃克（Sisyra vicaria Walker）和希里玛西亚·乳晕（Climacia areolaris，哈根）的生态学和内部解剖学的比较研究。数据有助于了解西斯里科（Sisyridae）和神经翅类（Neuroptera）的进化历史和系统发育关系。实验室菌落和田间种群的监测显示，乳晕衣原体是双伏特类，越冬是水生二龄。每一代的幼虫都利用光周期来引发和终止滞育。西西拉ra虫（Sisyra vicaria）是单伏性的，以卵为初生幼虫在陆生卵中越冬。光周期对滞育表达几乎没有明显的控制。 Sisyra vicaria出现在第一代乳晕衣原体之后。结论是物种之间的生态相互作用很小或不存在。这两个物种的幼虫都是非宿主特异性的，利用了七种Porifera。成人是夜间的清道夫。还研究了生殖力，胚胎发育，孵化，掠食者和寄生虫。通过标本的比较解剖和文献中的实例研究了剑麻和其他神经翼龙的内部解剖。蛋黄梭菌和维氏链球菌的卵绒毛膜，破卵器或消化系统，神经系统和生殖系统之间几乎没有主要区别。但是，神经和女性生殖系统与其他神经翅类动物有很大的不同。变态时，剑麻腹神经系统的四个神经节与其他神经节融合。在其他神经翼龙中，只有两个融合。对内部雌性生殖系统的研究表明，锡西蝇科中缺少一条主要的受精管，但几乎在所有其他神经翅目和大型翅目中都存在着。鳞翅目中存在导管，表明这三个姐妹群的运河是一个对称的特征。西西里德人显然已经失去了这条运河。结论：西西里德人具有宽广的生态容忍度和简便的生活史策略；虽然系统发育关系仍然不清楚，但是西西里德形态表明与其他神经翅类动物分开的长期且独立的进化。

著录项

  • 作者

    PUPEDIS, RAYMOND JURIS.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Connecticut.;

  • 授予单位 University of Connecticut.;
  • 学科 Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1985
  • 页码 322 p.
  • 总页数 322
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 昆虫学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:07

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