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Reality control: Managing ambiguity and precision in Artificial Intelligence science.

机译:现实控制:管理人工智能科学中的歧义和精度。

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摘要

This study focuses on the social organization of knowledge production in the area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) science. It draws on ethnographic data to theorize the open-ended processes whereby members of AI labs imagine, design, and account for the innovative simulation technologies they make. I draw on extensive observational, interview, and archival data collected over a three-year ethnography of two AI labs, one working in the AI subfield of knowledge representation and the other in the area of information retrieval. The main argument is that the production of knowledge in AI does not involve the progressive rationalization of human-level intelligence so much as a creative balance between the intrigue of ambiguous problems and the precision required for computational formalisms. This tension between ambiguity and precision cannot be resolved. Rather, it is managed in ways that are particular to an organizational setting and its institutional environment. Three main areas of lab practice are compared across the two labs: organizational culture, standards for verifying legitimate science, and the design process. I also unpack the different forms of ambiguity and uncertainty that each lab manages. The project contributes primarily to organizational theory, science and technology studies, and interpretive social psychology.
机译:这项研究的重点是人工智能(AI)科学领域知识生产的社会组织。它利用人种学数据来对开放式流程进行理论化,从而使AI实验室的成员能够想象,设计并说明他们所制造的创新模拟技术。我将利用为期三年的民族志收集的大量观察,访谈和档案数据,其中包括两个AI实验室,一个在知识表示的AI子领域中工作,另一个在信息检索领域中工作。主要论点是,人工智能中的知识生产不涉及人类水平智能的逐步合理化,而只是在模棱两可的问题的吸引力与计算形式主义所需的精度之间取得创造性的平衡。歧义和精确度之间的这种张力无法解决。相反,它是以特定于组织环境及其机构环境的方式进行管理的。在两个实验室之间比较了三个主要的实验室实践领域:组织文化,验证合法科学的标准以及设计过程。我还将解开每个实验室管理的不同形式的歧义和不确定性。该项目主要为组织理论,科学和技术研究以及解释性社会心理学做出贡献。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hoffman, Steve G.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 Sociology Theory and Methods.;Sociology Organizational.;Artificial Intelligence.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 365 p.
  • 总页数 365
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 社会学理论与方法论;人工智能理论;
  • 关键词

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