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UNITED STATES PLANS FOR A POSTWAR OVERSEAS MILITARY BASE SYSTEM, 1942-1948.

机译：战后海外军事基地系统的美国计划，1942-1948年。

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摘要

Between 1942 and 1948, the American military establishment drew up a series of plans for a postwar overseas base system. Though initially designed to support an international police force, the plans increasingly assumed a national character as the Grand Alliance of World War II dissolved into Cold War confrontation.; Well into 1945, military planners viewed United States physical security in essentially regional terms, encompassing the Western Hemisphere and the Pacific to the shores of East Asia. With the end of the war, however, plans began to focus on overseas bases extending beyond this area that might best counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union. At first, military planners concentrated on a far northern base strategy; but, in 1946, emphasis began to shift to bases on Russia's southern rim.; The requirements of military strategy were but one of several factors influencing postwar base planning. Some civilian and military officials hoped to fashion a coordinated network of overseas air facilities that would not only provide for United States physical security, but, through the expansion of American commercial aviation, would also promote the nation's postwar economic prosperity. Partly from apprehension that the military, if left alone to plan an overseas base system, might fail to assess the full scope of American interests, civilian defense officials reasserted their traditional influence on policy formulation, diminished during the war by the special relationship the Joint Chiefs of Staff enjoyed with the President. Civil-military friction, however, had less of an impact on postwar base planning than rivalry among the military services; their conflict over postwar roles and missions resulted in delays and strategic deficiencies in base planning. Not until 1948, when civilian officials forced the services to produce a joint war plan, did base planning become effective. All along, military planners had anticipated sharp reductions in postwar defense expenditures; consequently, they planned most often in terms of acquiring "rights" to bases rather than base development. Much less expected, however, was the degree of resistance encountered from other nations as the United States tried to obtain the base rights it believed essential for its security.
机译：在1942年到1948年之间，美国军事机构制定了一系列战后海外基地制度的计划。尽管最初是为支持国际警察部队而设计的，但是随着第二次世界大战大联盟陷入冷战对立，这些计划越来越具有民族特色。到1945年，军事计划人员基本上从区域角度看待美国的人身安全，包括西半球和东亚沿岸的太平洋。然而，随着战争的结束，计划开始集中于扩展到该地区以外的海外基地，这可能最能抵抗苏联的威胁。起初，军事计划人员集中于北方基地战略。但是，在1946年，重点开始转移到俄罗斯南部边缘地区。军事战略的要求只是影响战后基地规划的几个因素之一。一些文职和军事官员希望建立一个协调的海外航空设施网络，这不仅可以为美国提供人身安全，而且可以通过扩大美国的民用航空，也可以促进该国战后的经济繁荣。部分原因是担心军人，如果任其独自策划海外基地体系，可能无法评估美国利益的全部范围，那么民防官员便重申了他们对政策制定的传统影响力，在战争期间，联合首领之间的特殊关系削弱了这种影响的工作人员喜欢总统。但是，军民之间的摩擦对战后基地规划的影响较小，而不是军事部门之间的竞争。他们在战后角色和任务上的冲突导致基地计划的延误和战略缺陷。直到1948年，当文职官员强迫军种制定联合战争计划时，基地计划才开始生效。一直以来，军事计划人员都期望战后国防开支会大幅度减少。因此，他们最频繁地计划是获取基础的“权利”，而不是基础开发。然而，由于美国试图获得它认为对其安全必不可少的基本权利，其他国家的抵制程度要少得多。

著录项

  • 作者

    CONVERSE, ELLIOTT VANVELTNER, III.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 History United States.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1984
  • 页码 287 p.
  • 总页数 287
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 美洲史;
  • 关键词

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