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Fully solution processed PEDOT:PSS and silver nanowire semitransparent electrodes for thin film solar cells

机译：经过完全溶液处理的PEDOT：PSS和银纳米线半透明电极，用于薄膜太阳能电池

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摘要

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), such as semitransparent organic solar cells (OSC) for power generating windows, is a promising method for implementing renewable energy under the looming threat of depleting fossil fuels. OSC require a solution processed transparent electrode to be cost effective; but typically employ a non-solution processed indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode. PEDOT:PSS and silver nanowire transparent electrodes have emerged as a promising alternative to ITO and are solution processed compatible. However, PEDOT:PSS requires a strong acid treatment, which is incompatible with high throughput solution processed fabrication techniques. Silver nanowires suffer from a short lifetime when subject to electrical stress. The goals of this work were to fabricate a PEDOT:PSS electrodes without using strong acids, a silver nanowire electrode with a lifetime that can exceed 6000 hours of constant electrical stress, and use these two electrodes to fabricate a semitransparent OSC. Exploring optimal solvent blend additives in conjunction with solvent bend post treatments for PEDOT:PSS electrodes could provide an acid free method that results in comparable sheet resistance and transmittance of ITO electrodes. Silver nanowires fail under electrical stress due to sulfur corrosion and Joule heating (which melts and breaks apart electrical contact). A silver oxide layer coating the nanowires could hinder sulfur corrosion and help redistribute heat. Moreover, nanowires with thicker diameters could also exhibit higher heat tolerance and take longer to corrode. Four layer PEDOT:PSS electrodes with optimal solvent blend additives and post treatments were fabricated by spin coating. Silver nanowire electrodes of varying nanowire diameter with and without UV-ozone treatment were fabricated by spray coating and subject to electrical stress of 20 mA/cm2 constant current density. PEDOT:PSS electrodes exhibited a sheet resistance of 80 O/□ and average transmittance of 73%, which were too high and too low, respectively. Silver nanowire electrodes, on the other hand, were able to achieve sheet resistances below 50 O/□ while maintaining a direct transmittance above 80%. Silver nanowires electrodes with average nanowire diameters of 80 nm lasted 2 days longer with UV-ozone treatment than without; and silver nanowire electrodes with average nanowire diameters of 233 nm lasted for 6,312 hours, which met the 6000 hour goal. PEDOT:PSS transparent electrode needs to be improved where the sheet resistance is below 50 O/□ and transmittance above 80%. This could be achieved by adding silver nanoparticles (SNP) less than 40 nm in size, which would also have a plasmonic effect enabling the solar cell to absorb ultraviolet light. Then a fully solution processed semitransparent solar cell utilizing a PEDOT:PSS:SNP and silver nanowire transparent electrodes can be fabricated.
机译：建立集成光伏电池（BIPV），例如用于发电窗户的半透明有机太阳能电池（OSC），是在迫在眉睫的消耗化石燃料威胁下实施可再生能源的有前途的方法。 OSC要求溶液处理的透明电极要具有成本效益；但通常使用未经溶液处理的铟锡氧化物（ITO）透明电极。 PEDOT：PSS和银纳米线透明电极已成为ITO的有希望替代品，并且与溶液加工兼容。但是，PEDOT：PSS需要强酸处理，这与高通量溶液加工制造技术不兼容。银纳米线受到电应力时寿命短。这项工作的目标是在不使用强酸的情况下制造PEDOT：PSS电极，在恒定电应力下使用寿命可以超过6000小时的银纳米线电极，并使用这两个电极来制造半透​​明的OSC。与PEDOT：PSS电极的溶剂弯曲后处理一起探索最佳的溶剂共混添加剂可以提供一种无酸方法，从而获得可比的ITO电极的薄层电阻和透射率。银纳米线由于硫腐蚀和焦耳热（会熔化并断开电接触）而在电应力下失效。覆盖纳米线的氧化银层可能会阻止硫腐蚀并帮助重新分配热量。此外，直径更大的纳米线也可能表现出更高的耐热性，并且需要更长的时间进行腐蚀。通过旋涂制备具有最佳溶剂共混添加剂和后处理的四层PEDOT：PSS电极。通过喷涂制备具有和不具有UV-臭氧处理的不同纳米线直径的银纳米线电极，并使其经受20 mA / cm2恒定电流密度的电应力。 PEDOT：PSS电极的薄层电阻为80 O /平方；平均透射率为73％，分别太高和太低。另一方面，银纳米线电极能够实现低于50 O /□的薄层电阻。同时保持直接透射率在80％以上。与不使用紫外线臭氧处理相比，平均纳米线直径为80 nm的银纳米线电极可持续2天。平均纳米线直径为233 nm的银纳米线电极持续了6,312小时，达到了6000小时的目标。在薄层电阻低于50 O /平方时，需要改进PEDOT：PSS透明电极。透射率在80％以上。这可以通过添加尺寸小于40 nm的银纳米粒子（SNP）来实现，这也将产生等离子体效应，使太阳能电池能够吸收紫外线。然后，可以制造使用PEDOT：PSS：SNP和银纳米线透明电极的经过完全溶液处理的半透明太阳能电池。

著录项

  • 作者

    Vaagensmith, Bjorn.;

  • 作者单位

    South Dakota State University.;

  • 授予单位 South Dakota State University.;
  • 学科 Electrical engineering.;Materials science.;Chemical engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 页码 178 p.
  • 总页数 178
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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