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首页> 外文学位 >LAND REFORM, TECHNOLOGY, AND SMALL-SCALE FARMING: THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY OF GILAKI-RASHTI RICE CULTIVATORS, NORTHERN IRAN.
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LAND REFORM, TECHNOLOGY, AND SMALL-SCALE FARMING: THE ECOLOGY AND ECONOMY OF GILAKI-RASHTI RICE CULTIVATORS, NORTHERN IRAN.

机译：土地改革，技术和小规模农业：伊朗北部吉拉基-拉什蒂水稻种植者的生态和经济状况。

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摘要

This study examines the changes and constraints upon Iranian farming practices resulting from the Shah's land reform, or "White Revolution." Gilaki-Rashti rice farming in northern Iran is analyzed in the context of its peasant ecology and economy.;The major findings of this study are: (1) Land reform freed about 60 percent of all tenant farmers and created small-scale owner farmers. The remaining tenant farmers as well as agricultural laborers were left unprivileged. The Shah's success in attaining social and economic goals was less than hoped despite the official end of land reform in 1971. (2) Farming practices of the Gilaki-Rashti rice growers are changing but remain uncoordinated. Such changes are constrained by other aspects of traditional culture. (3) Labor displacing technologies such as power tillers and threshers tend to amplify inequalities already discernible among owner farmers. (4) The sexual division of labor slows down the diffusion of some types of technology. (5) Faced with modernization, new interaction spaces are emerging in traditional society. Farm operations are becoming further integrated into the national economy.;Two analytical frameworks, that is, a systems approach and Chayanov's theory of peasant economy, are coordinated and applied to the subject. A focus on the behavioral aspect of owner farmers clarifies the importance of the consumer/worker ratio as regards the intensification of farming activity, input-output relations, and the responsiveness of Gilaki-Rashti farmers to changes in agricultural technology. Only residuals which cannot be explained by Chayanov's theory are regarded as influenced by the market economy.
机译：这项研究探讨了国王（Shah）的土地改革或“白色革命”对伊朗耕作方式的变化和制约。在伊朗北部吉拉基-拉什蒂（Gilaki-Rashti）水稻种植的农民生态和经济背景下进行了分析。该研究的主要发现是：（1）土地改革释放了大约60％的所有ten户农民，并建立了小规模的拥有者农民。其余的租户农民和农业工人则没有特权。尽管1971年正式进行了土地改革，但沙阿国王在实现社会和经济目标方面的成功却没有达到预期的希望。这种变化受到传统文化其他方面的制约。 （3）诸如耕种机和脱粒机之类的劳力替代技术往往会加剧拥有农户中已经发现的不平等现象。 （4）按性别分工会减缓某些类型技术的传播。 （5）面对现代化，传统社会出现了新的互动空间。农场经营正在进一步融入国民经济。;两个分析框架，即系统方法和查亚诺夫的农民经济理论，被协调并应用于该主题。关注所有者农场主的行为方面，明确了在农业活动集约化，投入产出关系以及吉拉基-拉什蒂农民对农业技术变化的响应能力方面，消费者/工人比例的重要性。只有Chayanov理论无法解释的残差才被视为受市场经济影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    SUZUKI, TOSHIO.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予单位 University of Michigan.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Cultural.;Geography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1981
  • 页码 412 p.
  • 总页数 412
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 人类学;自然地理学;
  • 关键词

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