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首页> 外文学位 >THE RISE OF THE 'MENCIUS': HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF MENCIAN MORALITY, CA. A.D. 200-1200.
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THE RISE OF THE 'MENCIUS': HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF MENCIAN MORALITY, CA. A.D. 200-1200.

机译：“孟子”的崛起：孟子道德的历史诠释，CA。公元200-1200年。

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摘要

Two integral aspects of the Mencian morality can readily be observed: the inner realm, regarding the a priori endowments of man and the outer realm, concerning the ideal of benevolent government. The inner realm of Mencian morality contains a belief in the innate goodness of human nature and in a return to the spontaneity of mind. The outer realm comprises four doctrines, namely, moral men should be political leaders; the government should be moral government; a conditional relationship exists between the sovereign and his subjects and the raison d'etre of a government is for the people. In Mencius' system of thought, the inner realm is the foundation of the outer realm and both the two realms constitute a harmonious whole in the endless process of man's effort to achieve sagehood.;T'ang scholars such as Han Yu and P'i Jih-hsiu presented the Mencius as a counter against Buddhism and Taoism. They urged that the Mencius became a part of Confucian intellectual orthodoxy and made it the source of their concerns over the sufferings of society. Lin Shen-ssu's Continuation of the Mencius represents a further development of interpretation of Mencian morality in the political context.;It is also in the political context that many Northern Sung scholars such as Li Kuo, Wang An-shih and Ssu-ma Kuang were involved in debates over Mencian morality. The polemics on the Mencius in this era focused upon three issues, namely, the problems of the king and the hegemon, of the sovereign and his ministers and of social order and filial piety. A political factor was also involved in Northern Sung scholars' debates on issues of Mencian theory on human nature.;The failure of Wang An-shih's reforms signified a turning point in the unfolding of the interpretation of Mencian morality. After the eleventh century, many scholars who read the Mencius were predominantly concerned with morality as the final goal of philosophical inquiry. Chu Hsi's interpretation of Mencian morality bears a clear imprint of the shift of scholarly concern from statecraft to philosophy. However, Chu Hsi conceived of Mencian morality in terms of the philosophical system in the Great Learning as he interpreted it. He also illuminated the Mencian morality in the light of his own rationalistic philosophy centering on the concept of principle (li). Chu Hsi amplified the inner realm of Mencian morality by enhancing the significance of knowledge in the process of attaining sagehood.;In the Confucian scholastic tradition, the development of interpretation of Mencian morality witnessed two major changes: the first appeared in the Later Han and the second in Southern Sung times. Many scholars in the Han dynasty visualized the Mencius in terms of classical learning (ching-hsueh) and read it as a political treatise. Chao Ch'i marks a culmination of such a scholarly trend. His interpretation of Mencian morality is predominantly concerned with politics as a way of practicing one's moral beliefs. Such an emphasis never ceased to animate Mencian scholarship until the eleventh century.;To conclude, the development of interpretations of Mencian morality exhibits a shift of scholarly interests from the particularistic perspective to the universalistic perspective.
机译：孟子道德的两个整体方面很容易观察到：关于人的先天end赋的内在领域和关于仁慈政府的理想的外在领域。孟子道德的内在境界包含着对人性的天生善良的信念以及对心灵自发性的回归。外在领域包括四个学说，即道德人应该是政治领导人；道德人应该是政治领袖。政府应该是道德政府；君主与其臣民之间存在有条件的关系，而政府的存在则是为了人民。在孟子的思想体系中，内在领域是外在领域的基础，在人类为达到圣贤的无尽过程中，这两个领域都构成了一个和谐的整体。吉秀把孟子作为对佛教和道教的反击。他们敦促孟子成为儒家思想正统思想的一部分，并使其成为他们对社会苦难的关注之源。林慎s的《孟子续集》代表了政治语境中对孟子道德诠释的进一步发展;也是在政治语境中，许多北宋学者如李国，王安石和匡苏光都是参与有关孟西亚道德的辩论。在这个时代对孟子的争论主要集中在三个问题上，即国王和霸权，主权及其臣臣的问题以及社会秩序和孝道问题。北宋学者关于孟子人性论问题的辩论中也涉及政治因素。王安石改革的失败标志着孟子道德解释的展开的转折点。进入十一世纪后，许多阅读孟子的学者都将道德作为哲学探究的最终目标。朱H对孟子道德的诠释清楚地印证了学术关注从治国之道转向哲学。但是，朱H在他解释《孟子》的哲学体系时，就以孟子道德为出发点。他还根据自己以原则（li）为中心的理性主义哲学阐明了孟子道德。楚熙通过在达到圣贤的过程中增强知识的重要性，扩大了孟子道德的内在境界。在儒家学术传统中，孟子道德的解释发展经历了两个主要变化：第一个变化出现在后来的汉人和后世。在南宋时代排名第二。汉代的许多学者都以经典学习（孟学）的眼光看孟子，并将其作为政治论文来阅读。 Chao Ch'i标志着这种学术潮流的高潮。他对孟子道德的解释主要与政治有关，是一种实践人的道德信念的方式。直到十一世纪，这种强调才得以使孟子的学术活动充满活力。总而言之，对孟子道德的解释的发展表明，学者的兴趣已从特殊主义观点转向普遍主义观点。

著录项

  • 作者

    HUANG, CHUN-CHIEH.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 342 p.
  • 总页数 342
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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