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The effect of various deformation processes on the corrosion behavior of casing and tubing carbon steels in sweet environment.

机译：在甜环境中，各种变形过程对套管碳素钢腐蚀性能的影响。

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摘要

The aim of this research project is to correlate the plastic deformation and mechanical instability of casing steel materials with corrosion behavior and surface change, in order to identify a tolerable degree of deformation for casing steel materials. While the corrosion of pipeline and casing steels has been investigated extensively, corrosion of these steels in sweet environments with respect to plastic deformation due to bending, rolling, autofrettage, or handling needs more investigation.;Downhole tubular expansion of pipes (casings) is becoming standard practice in the petroleum industry to repair damaged casings, shutdown perforations, and ultimately achieve mono-diameter wells. Tubular expansion is a cold-drawing metal forming process, which consists of running conical mandrels through casings either mechanically using a piston or hydraulically by applying a back pressure. This mechanism subjects the pipes to large radial plastic deformations of up to 30 pct. of the inner diameter. It is known that cold-working is a way of strengthening materials such as low carbon steel, but given that this material will be subjected to corrosive environments, susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) should be investigated.;This research studies the effect of cold-work, in the form of cold-rolling and cold-expansion, on the surface behavior of API 5CT steels when it is exposed to a CO2-containing environment. Cold-work has a pronounced influence on the corrosion behavior of both API 5CT K55 and P110 grade steels. The lowest strength grade steel, API 5CT K55, performed poorly in a corrosive environment in the slow strain rate test. The ductile material exhibited the highest loss in strength and highest susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking in a CO 2-containing environment. The loss in strength declined with cold-rolling, which can be ascribed to the surface compressive stresses induced by cold-work. On the other hand, API 5CT P110 grade steels showed higher susceptibility to SCC when they were cold-rolled and cold-expanded. The research found that surface compressive stresses have an effect on the SCC behavior of casing and tubing steels.;The CO2 corrosion behavior and atomic processes at the corroding interface were investigated at laboratory temperature using electrochemical techniques. Cold-work was found to have an influence on the corrosion behavior of both API 5CT K55 and P110 grade steels. These behaviors were found to be material and process dependent. Surface evaluation techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis did not detect formation of a protective scale. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis both detected the appearance of a scale that was traced back to magnetite.
机译：该研究项目的目的是将套管钢材料的塑性变形和机械不稳定性与腐蚀行为和表面变化相关联，以便确定套管钢材料的容许变形程度。尽管已对管道和套管钢的腐蚀进行了广泛研究，但在甜环境中由于弯曲，轧制，自动强化或处理引起的塑性变形，这些钢的腐蚀需要进一步研究。石油行业的标准做法是修复损坏的套管，关闭穿孔并最终实现单口径井。管状膨胀是一种冷拔金属成形工艺，包括通过使用活塞机械地或通过施加背压以液压方式使锥形心轴穿过壳体。这种机制使管道承受高达30 pct的大径向塑性变形。内径的众所周知，冷加工是一种增强材料（如低碳钢）的方法，但鉴于这种材料会受到腐蚀环境的影响，应研究其对应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）的敏感性。当API 5CT钢暴露于含CO2的环境时，以冷轧和冷膨胀的形式进行冷加工。冷作对API 5CT K55和P110级钢的腐蚀行为都有显着影响。最低强度等级的钢，API 5CT K55，在慢应变速率测试中，在腐蚀性环境中的性能较差。韧性材料在含CO 2的环境中表现出最高的强度损失和最高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性。强度损失随冷轧而下降，这可归因于冷加工引起的表面压缩应力。另一方面，API 5CT P110级钢在冷轧和冷胀时表现出较高的SCC敏感性。研究发现，表面压缩应力对套管和管材的SCC行为有影响。在实验室温度下，采用电化学技术研究了腐蚀界面处的CO2腐蚀行为和原子过程。发现冷作会对API 5CT K55和P110级钢的腐蚀行为产生影响。发现这些行为与材料和过程有关。诸如场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析之类的表面评估技术未检测到保护垢的形成。 X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析均检测到可追溯至磁铁矿的氧化皮。

著录项

  • 作者

    Elramady, Alyaa Gamal.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado School of Mines.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado School of Mines.;
  • 学科 Engineering Materials Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 206 p.
  • 总页数 206
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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