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Chicago's public transportation system: The contradictions of neoliberalism in the global city.

机译：芝加哥的公共交通系统：全球城市中的新自由主义矛盾。

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This project is an examination of Chicago's public transportation system and the forces shaping public transportation policy. The study of Chicago's public transportation system provides a window through which we can view the intersection of: (1) capital accumulation, (2) the local and regional state, (3) horizontal and vertical class relations, and (4) the accumulation regimes that emerge from these combined forces. Factors such as use-value versus exchange-value, technical efficiency versus monetary efficiency, short term versus long term investment cycles, and socialized public good versus privatized profit, operate in the logic of the market, the machinations of the state, between classes, between fractions of classes and across accumulation regimes. Taken together, the logic of capital accumulation, the role of the state, class relations and accumulation regimes constitute the determinant social forces shaping public transportation policy over the past 60 years in Chicago. Specifically, I focus on the forces of accumulation in the neoliberal and global city building era. Both neoliberalism and global city building have contributed to or deepened pre-existing forms of uneven geographic development in the city. And yet, neoliberalism and global city building have been shown to be antithetical projects. In response to neoliberal state retrenchment in the public service sector that has degraded public transportation, causing wide-scale inefficiencies and unreliable service, global city stakeholders and everyday residents led an effort to restore the state's role in public transit delivery. This move away from neoliberalism reveals the vulnerability of neoliberal policies and practices as its contradictions have surfaced.
机译：该项目是对芝加哥的公共交通系统以及形成公共交通政策的力量的考察。对芝加哥公共交通系统的研究提供了一个窗口，通过该窗口我们可以查看以下交叉点：（1）资本积累，（2）地方和区域州，（3）水平和垂直阶级关系以及（4）积累制度从这些联合力量中脱颖而出。使用价值与交换价值，技术效率与货币效率，短期与长期投资周期以及社会化的公共物品与私有化的利润等因素均按照市场逻辑，国家的阴谋，阶级之间，在各个部分之间以及各种积累制度之间。综合起来，资本积累的逻辑，国家的作用，阶级关系和积累制度构成了过去60年来在芝加哥塑造公共交通政策的决定性社会力量。具体来说，我专注于新自由主义和全球城市建设时代的积累力量。新自由主义和全球城市建设都促进或加深了城市地理发展不平衡的既有形式。然而，新自由主义和全球城市建设已被证明是对立的项目。为了应对公共服务领域新自由主义国家的裁员，该行业已经恶化了公共交通，导致了大规模的低效率和不可靠的服务，全球城市利益相关者和日常居民为恢复国家在公共交通交付中的作用做出了努力。摆脱新自由主义的这一举动揭示了新自由主义政策和实践的矛盾性已经浮出水面。

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