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Comparing estimates of landscape resistance to animal movement.

机译：比较景观对动物运动的抵抗力。

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摘要

Wildlife corridors are an essential tool to enable wildlife to continue moving through the landscape in face of habitat loss and fragmentation. Focal species based models used to identify likely corridors rely on resistance surfaces that estimate how much landscape elements promote or impede movement. I examined whether we can predict long-distance movements based on habitat suitability estimates. I also assessed which type of data is best used to estimate landscape resistance to animal movement.;For elk and desert bighorn sheep I tested whether resistance estimated by experts, from habitat suitability models, or from within-home range movement analysis best predicts long distance movements. For bighorn sheep, a habitat specialist, I found that a negative exponential function best described the relationship between habitat suitability and resistance values, indicating that long-distance movers readily travel through moderately-suitable areas and avoid only the least suitable habitat. All three suitability estimates performed better than chance, but habitat suitability and movement analysis outperformed expert opinion models. For elk, a habitat generalist, all three suitability estimates performed about the same as chance.;For kinkajous I estimated landscape resistance from habitat suitability and movement analysis as well as from dispersal and mating movements. The results suggest that kinkajous perceive the landscape as more connected during dispersal and mating movements than while in the home range. Kinkajous are tightly linked to forest in the home range, but no features in the study landscape posed resistance to mating and dispersal movements. Thus, kinkajous readily traverse low-quality habitat during mating and dispersal movements.;Tolerance to low-quality habitat during long-distance movements has now been observed in several wildlife species. This is good news for corridor designers, because it indicates that for mobile species the matrix between protected areas is more permeable for dispersal and other long-distance movements than expected from habitat suitability models. If mobile animals can readily traverse habitat of lower quality, planning for wildlife corridors would be more flexible. Further research is necessary to determine whether distances between patches of good-quality habitat that animals can traverse are species or landscape specific. For desert bighorn sheep, any of the 3 habitat suitability estimates can inform corridors. Habitat generalists like elk are of little utility in a multi-species corridor design. Studies of additional habitat specialists are needed to quantify the tradeoff between cost and reliability of different suitability estimates.
机译：野生动物走廊是使野生生物面对生境丧失和破碎化而继续在景观中移动的重要工具。用于识别可能走廊的基于物种的模型依赖于阻力面，该阻力面估计了多少景观元素促进或阻碍了运动。我检查了我们是否可以根据栖息地的适宜性估计来预测长距离运动。我还评估了哪种类型的数据最适合用来估计景观对动物运动的抵抗力。；对于麋鹿和沙漠大角羊，我测试了专家，栖息地适应性模型或家庭内部运动分析估计的抵抗力是否最能预测长距离动作。对于栖息地专家大角羊，我发现负指数函数最能描述栖息地适宜性和抵抗力值之间的关系，这表明长途搬家容易通过适度适宜的区域，而仅避开最不适宜的栖息地。这三个适合度估计的表现均好于偶然性，但栖息地的适合度和运动分析优于专家意见模型。对于栖息地通才的麋鹿来说，所有三个适合度估计的表现都与机会相同。对于近亲，我根据栖息地的适宜性和运动分析以及分散和交配的运动来估计景观阻力。结果表明，在散布和交配运动中，近亲比在家庭范围内感觉到的风景联系更多。 Kinkajous与家庭范围内的森林紧密相连，但研究景观中没有任何特征构成对交配和分散运动的抵抗力。因此，近亲在交配和传播过程中很容易穿越低质量的栖息地。现已在几种野生动植物中观察到对长距离运动中的低质量栖息地的耐受性。这对走廊设计人员来说是个好消息，因为它表明，对于移动物种，保护区之间的矩阵对于散布和其他长距离运动的渗透性要比栖息地适应性模型所预期的更高。如果流动动物能够轻松穿越质量较低的栖息地，那么野生动物走廊的规划将更加灵活。有必要进行进一步的研究以确定动物可以穿越的优质栖息地之间的距离是物种还是特定于景观的。对于沙漠大角羊，三个栖息地适宜性估计中的任何一个都可以告知走廊。像麋鹿这样的栖息地通才在多物种走廊设计中没有多大用处。需要对其他栖息地专家进行研究，以量化成本和可靠性之间的权衡取舍。

著录项

  • 作者

    Keeley, Annika Tonja Henriette.;

  • 作者单位

    Northern Arizona University.;

  • 授予单位 Northern Arizona University.;
  • 学科 Wildlife conservation.;Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 136 p.
  • 总页数 136
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 新闻学、新闻事业;
  • 关键词

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