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Population regulation of a migratory songbird in the non-breeding season: A test of buffer and crowding effects.

机译：非繁殖季节候鸟的种群调控：缓冲和拥挤效应的测试。

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摘要

Animal populations are limited by their environment and interactions with one another, the latter proportional to density. How density-dependent mechanisms regulate populations is poorly understood, particularly for migratory animals. Winter, or non-breeding, mechanisms remain particularly poorly understood for almost all migratory bird species. This dissertation tested the hypothesis that American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) are regulated both within and between habitats in the winter by two mechanisms, a crowding effect and a buffer effect. As population size increases, crowding increases competition for space and resources and more individuals are relegated to lower quality habitats and forced into a transient behavioral strategy, which buffers high quality habitats from negative feedback of density. My study was carried out in Jamaica, where redstarts occupy diverse habitats. I found that population size varied among habitats, but accounting for both territorial and transient individuals was critical for accurate assessment of this variation. Ecological conditions drive differences in habitat suitability and redstart density at multiple spatial scales. Regionally, redstart survival, density, and numbers of transient individuals distinguish inland from coastal populations, consistent with differences in ecological conditions (e.g. rainfall). Locally, timing of spring departure, as well as age and sex structure distinguish neighboring habitats, consistent with increased competition for food. When population size increased over the years of this study, changes in local density were similar among habitats, and thus not the result of a buffer effect. However, increasing densities decreased food availability, which corresponded with negative feedback on departure timing and territorial behavior, i.e. more transients, in poorer habitats. This supported a crowding effect on spatial behavior (territoriality) and late-winter condition of individuals relegated to low suitability habitats. High quality inland habitats appear to buffer individuals from the effects of changing population abundance, as well as ecological conditions, evidence of a regional buffer effect.
机译：动物种群受到其环境和彼此之间相互作用的限制，后者与密度成正比。人们很少了解密度依赖性机制如何调节种群，特别是对于迁徙动物。对于几乎所有候鸟物种，冬季或非繁殖的机制仍然知之甚少。本论文验证了以下假设：美国红尾（（Setophaga ruticilla）在冬季栖息地内和栖息地之间受两种机制调节：拥挤效应和缓冲效应。随着人口规模的增加，拥挤加剧了对空间和资源的竞争，更多的人被降级到质量较低的栖息地，并被迫采取一种短暂的行为策略，从而从密度的负反馈中缓冲了高质量的栖息地。我的研究是在牙买加进行的，那里的红尾occupy栖息于各种栖息地。我发现种群数量随生境的不同而有所差异，但要准确评估这种变化，就必须考虑领土和过渡个体。生态条件在多个空间尺度上驱动着栖息地适宜性和红起点密度的差异。从地区上看，红尾survival的生存，密度和短暂个体的数量将内陆地区与沿海人口区分开来，这与生态条件（例如降雨）的差异是一致的。在当地，春季出发的时间以及年龄和性别结构将邻近的栖息地区分开来，这与对食物的竞争加剧是一致的。在本研究的过程中，当种群数量增加时，生境之间的局部密度变化是相似的，因此不是缓冲效应的结果。但是，密度的增加会减少食物的供应，这与在较差的生境中对出发时间和领土行为的负面反馈（即更多的瞬态现象）相对应。这支持了对低适应性生境的个体的空间行为（地域性）和冬末状况的拥挤效应。高质量的内陆栖息地似乎可以缓冲个人，使其免受人口数量变化以及生态条件的影响，这是区域缓冲作用的证据。

著录项

  • 作者

    Peele, Ashley Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;

  • 授予单位 Tulane University School of Science and Engineering.;
  • 学科 Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 133 p.
  • 总页数 133
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学;
  • 关键词

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