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Evaluating the impacts of connected vehicle technology on evacuation efficiency.

机译：评估互联车辆技术对疏散效率的影响。

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摘要

No-notice evacuations of metropolitan areas can place significant demands on transportation infrastructure. In preparation, emergency managers and transportation engineers study potential demands and many create evacuation traffic management plans. The findings from a St. Louis Metro East evacuation study revealed some problematic areas of the transportation network. At these locations the traffic backed up during a simulated evacuation, caused a significant amount of delay, and increased the evacuation clearance time. An emerging paradigm called Connected Vehicle (CV) technology can provide real-time communication between vehicles in a traffic stream. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the impacts of CVs on evacuation from a downtown metropolitan area.;The microsimulation software VISSIM was used to model the roadway network and the evacuation traffic. The model was built, calibrated and validated for studying the performance of traffic during the evacuation. This model helped researchers to find the time required to evacuate people in this area for different disaster scenarios.;Because it is unlikely that vehicles equipped with CV technologies will become commonplace soon, the researcher tested different levels of deployment, also known as penetration rate. This study included penetration rates from 0 to 30 percent CVs; evaluating the average speed, average and total delays.;The findings suggest significant reductions in total delays when CVs reached a penetration rate of 30 percent or greater. Results showed that the presence of CVs at a penetration rate of 30 percent could reduce the overall traffic delay by 60 percent over the evacuation period. A sensitivity analysis was conducted and the finding showed that a 10 percent increase in the penetration rate will significantly improve traffic flow. The findings of this study suggest that the communication capabilities of CVs can reduce delays and improve the traffic flow rate during a no-notice evacuation. Additionally, the benefits could be greater for evacuations with higher volumes, evacuations that last longer, and evacuations with higher proportions of CVs in the vehicle stream.
机译：大都市地区的撤离通知可能会对交通基础设施提出重大要求。在准备过程中，应急经理和运输工程师研究了潜在的需求，许多人制定了疏散交通管理计划。圣路易斯东部地铁疏散研究的结果揭示了交通网络中一些有问题的区域。在这些地点，交通在模拟疏散过程中倒退，导致大量的延误，并增加了疏散通关时间。一种称为互联车辆（CV）技术的新兴范例可以在交通流中提供车辆之间的实时通信。这项研究的目的是评估CV对市区大城市疏散的影响。微观仿真软件VISSIM被用来对道路网络和疏散交通进行建模。该模型的建立，校准和验证用于研究疏散过程中的交通性能。该模型帮助研究人员找到了在不同灾难场景下疏散该地区人员所需的时间。由于配备CV技术的车辆不太可能很快普及，因此研究人员测试了不同的部署水平，也称为渗透率。这项研究的CV渗透率介于0％到30％之间；评估结果表明，当CV达到30％或更高的渗透率时，总延迟明显减少。结果表明，在疏散期间，以30％的渗透率出现CV可以将总体交通延误减少60％。进行了敏感性分析，结果表明，渗透率提高10％将大大改善交通流量。这项研究的结果表明，CV的通信能力可以减少无通知疏散期间的延误并提高交通流量。另外，对于较大体积的疏散，持续时间更长的疏散以及车流中CV比例较高的疏散，其好处可能更大。

著录项

  • 作者

    Bahaaldin, Karzan.;

  • 作者单位

    Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.;

  • 授予单位 Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.;
  • 学科 Civil engineering.;Engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 138 p.
  • 总页数 138
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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