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首页> 外文学位 >Nitrogen and water impacts on hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield, quality, canopy reflectance, and income in South Dakota.
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Nitrogen and water impacts on hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield, quality, canopy reflectance, and income in South Dakota.

机译：氮和水对南达科他州硬红春小麦（Triticum aestivum）的产量，品质，冠层反射率和收入的影响。

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摘要

anopy reflectance, commonly known as remote sensing, offers a simple, time efficient method for making in-season nitrogen (N) recommendations for hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum). However, spectral crop reflectance can be confounded by water and N stress that simultaneously impact protein content and yield. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of water and in-season N applications on HRSW yield, quality, canopy reflectance and economic returns in mixed and tallgrass prairie ecoregions of South and North Dakota. At three locations, a range of N rates and applications timings were implemented and canopy reflectance, yield, protein, and yield loss due to N (YLNS), and water stress (YLWS) were measured. Remote sensing-based prediction models were developed based on canopy reflectance. Economic returns for a variety of economic scenarios were determined.;Research findings showed that in the tallgrass prairie ecoregion: (1) YLNS decreased with increasing N fertilizer whereas YLWS increased; (2) protein concentration generally increased with N addition; (3) regression models between canopy reflectance and yield, grain protein, and YLNS at explained the greatest variation at Haun 6; and (4) chlorophyll indices, which do not saturate as readily as vegetation indices, were good predictors of yield, grain protein, and YLNS.;At the mixed grass prairie ecoregion site study findings were: (1) 130 kg N ha-1 applied at Haun 5-6 at had the greatest yield and protein response; (2) under non-limiting rainfall conditions, canopy reflectance collected at Haun 6 can be used for to predict yield, protein, and YLNS; (3) N applied in-season or pre-emergence had similar yield and grain protein; and (4) applying N fertilizer in-season at Haun 5-6 reduced economic risks and N induced lodging compared with pre-emergence N applications.;Economic analysis suggest that if the N fertilizer price was low,
机译：阳极反射率（通常称为遥感）提供了一种简单，省时的方法，可为硬红春小麦（HRSW，普通小麦）提供季节氮（N）推荐值。但是，水分和氮胁迫会同时影响蛋白质含量和产量，从而混淆了光谱作物的反射率。这项研究的目的是确定水和季节施氮对南达科他州和北达科他州大草原草混合生态区的HRSW产量，质量，冠层反射率和经济收益的影响。在三个位置，实施了一系列的N施用量和施肥时机，并测量了冠层反射率，产量，蛋白质和因N引起的产量损失（YLNS）和水分胁迫（YLWS）。基于冠层反射率开发了基于遥感的预测模型。确定了各种经济情景下的经济收益。研究结果表明，在高草草原生态区：（1）YLNS随着氮肥的增加而减少，而YLWS增加； （2）蛋白质浓度一般随氮的添加而增加； （3）冠层反射率与产量，籽粒蛋白质和YLNS之间的回归模型解释了Haun 6的最大变化； （4）叶绿素指数（不像植被指数那样容易饱和）是产量，谷物蛋白质和YLNS的良好预测指标。；在混合草草原生态区现场研究发现：（1）130 kg N ha-1在Haun 5-6处以最大的产量和蛋白质响应施用； （2）在非限制性降雨条件下，在Haun 6处收集的冠层反射率可用于预测产量，蛋白质和YLNS； （3）季节性或出苗前施用的氮具有相似的产量和籽粒蛋白质； （4）与出苗前施用氮肥相比，在Haun 5-6季节施氮肥可降低经济风险和氮素引起的倒伏。；经济分析表明，如果氮肥价格较低，

著录项

  • 作者

    Reese, Cheryl.;

  • 作者单位

    South Dakota State University.;

  • 授予单位 South Dakota State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 253 p.
  • 总页数 253
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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