Three papers comprise this dissertation. The first reexamines the relationship between the urbanization and the income inequality of the total China's residents. We start from the question whether the change of the income inequality of China's residents follows the Kuznets's Inverted-U hypothesis. Although the change of the income inequality inside the rural area and urban area doesn't follow the Kuznets's Inverted-U hypothesis, according to our research, the change of the income inequality of the total residents supports the Kuznets's Inverted-U hypothesis. The most important cause resulting in the change of the income inequality of the total residents appearing the inverted-U is that the change of the income inequality caused by urbanization has entered the decreasing phase during the recent years, which makes the income inequality of the total residents begin to decrease, or makes its increasing speed begin to decrease gradually. In the future, for decreasing the income inequality of the total residents, the two kinds of the polices will be provided: on the one hand, the barrier which block the shift of the labor from the rural area to urban area must be broken, and the urbanization should be accelerated; on the other hand the income of the rural residents must be improved as soon as possible, the urban-rural gap will shrink.;The second paper more closely examines the main factors influencing income inequality of urban residents in China. Recently, the continuing enlargement of urban residents' income inequality in China has caused much concern from society, among which, the discussion on main factors leading to deteriorating income inequality becomes the focus of income distribution research. The author of this thesis uses two methods to reveal the contribution of urban population characteristics to income inequality based on the sampled data collected by Investigating Team of Urban Society and Economy of Tianjin from 3000 households in 2004.It shows that occupation or duty, education and industry differences are the three main factors effecting urban residents' income inequality, and they contribute up to 40% of urban residents' income differences. Specifically, surpassing industry features, the features of occupation or duty become the most significant factors influencing income, followed by the factors of education levels, and industry features retreat to be the least import among the three ones. Accordingly, the author proposes his suggestions to the adjustments of urban residents' income distribution, namely, the principle of "Controlling Two Ends of Income Ranks, and Increasing the Number of Residents with Intermediate Income". In other words, a diamond-shaped income distribution system should be established by improving the condition of low-income residents and limiting the expansion of high-income stratum, and finally, enlarging the group in between.;The third paper studies education and environment in China. The paper uses two-stage Durbin method to analyze Chinese economic growth, we find that in China, labor market has redundant and labor elasticity of GDP is negative. Physical capital investment has wrong direction and physical capital elasticity of GDP is negative also, the reasons of GDP growth are human capital and "pollution". So, if China plans to make a harmonious society, achieves its GDP target and control "environment", the only way is increasing human capital investment to support China's sustainable and green growth. We find China faced a policy dilemma between economic growth and environment. At the conclusion, we give following three suggestions: Increase investment in human capital, protect intellectual property right and privatization property right, "One Family, One Car" policy.
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