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首页> 外文学位 >Popular Trust, Mistrust, and Approval: Measuring and Understanding Citizens' Attitudes Toward Democratic Institutions.
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Popular Trust, Mistrust, and Approval: Measuring and Understanding Citizens' Attitudes Toward Democratic Institutions.

机译：大众信任，不信任和认可：衡量和理解公民对民主制度的态度。

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摘要

High levels of political trust and approval are believed to be the basis of a healthy democracy. Attempts to gauge citizens' political attitudes have flourished in the past decades, but political science has yet to converge on a valid -- and cross-nationally comparable -- measure of popular political approval. Meanwhile, from New York City's Zucconi Park to Istanbul's Gezi Park, from Madrid's Puerta Del Sol to Cairo's Tahrir square, popular political discontent is on the rise and historic manifestations of it remain difficult to interpret, reverse, or anticipate. The essays in this manuscript introduce a new measure of political approval and propose a different institutional interpretation of the determinants of political trust.;The first essay, "Individual Blank Voting, Mobilized Protest Voting, and Voting Abstention," compares different forms of electoral dissent -- individual blank voting, mobilized null voting, and voting abstention -- across Italy and in the Basque Country of Spain. It demonstrates that the least studied of the three -- blank voting -- expresses the most conscious and educated rejection of political candidates, parties, and electoral systems.;The second essay, "Measuring Discontent and Predicting Trouble," proposes the use of unconventional voting as a powerful alternative metric of popular electoral approval, by showing the existence of a systematic link between blank and null voting, and larger popular protests. I demonstrate that the rate of blank and null voting at the national level is a reliable proxy of larger popular discontent and an effective predictor of future protests. As such, it is comparable to other widely used measures of perceived electoral quality and popular approval, while being much less costly, time consuming, and with greater disaggregation potential.;In the last essay, "Corruption and Trust in Institutions, Evidence from Israel," Noam Gidron and I exploit a natural experiment offered by Israel's unique immigration law, which expedites naturalization for Jewish immigrants. We find that cultural norms, as shaped by levels of corruption in immigrants' sending countries, affect only their initial levels of trust, while subsequent exposures to socially inclusive institutions (e.g., the military) shape a mature and more positive political attitude.
机译：高度的政治信任和认可被认为是健康民主的基础。在过去的几十年中，试图衡量公民的政治态度的尝试正在蓬勃发展，但是政治学尚未融合成一种有效的，并且可以在全国范围内进行比较的，受欢迎的民众认可度的方法。同时，从纽约的Zucconi公园到伊斯坦布尔的Gezi公园，从马德里的太阳门广场到开罗的塔里尔广场，民众的政治不满情绪正在上升，其历史表现仍然难以解释，逆转或预期。本手稿中的文章介绍了一种新的政治认可方法，并对政治信任的决定因素提出了不同的制度解释。第一篇文章“个人空白投票，动员抗议和投票弃权”比较了不同形式的选举异议-在意大利和西班牙的巴斯克地区进行个人空白投票，动员了无表决权和弃权。它表明，对这三个方面的研究最少的是空白表决，是对政治候选人，政党和选举制度的最有意识和有根据的拒绝。;第二篇文章“衡量不满和预测麻烦”建议使用非常规的方法。投票通过显示空白投票和无效投票与较大规模的抗议活动之间存在系统的联系，将其作为大众选举批准的有力替代指标。我证明，在全国范围内，空白票和无效票的投票率是民众不满情绪的可靠代表，也是未来抗议活动的有效预测指标。因此，它可以与其他广泛使用的衡量选举质量和获得民众认可的方法相媲美，同时成本更低，更省时，并且具有更大的分解潜力。；在上一篇文章中，“来自机构的腐败和信任，来自以色列的证据”，诺姆·吉德隆（Noam Gidron）和我利用以色列独特的移民法提供的自然实验，该实验加快了犹太移民的归化进程。我们发现，受移民派遣国腐败程度影响的文化规范仅影响其最初的信任水平，而随后对具有社会包容性的机构（例如军方）的接触则形成了一种成熟且更加积极的政治态度。

著录项

  • 作者

    Superti, Chiara.;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard University.;

  • 授予单位 Harvard University.;
  • 学科 Political science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 206 p.
  • 总页数 206
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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