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For the 'true lover of the law'---the origin of LL.M. programs: A case study of the University of Pennsylvania Law School

机译：为了“法律的真正爱人” ---法学硕士的起源课程：宾夕法尼亚大学法学院的案例研究

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摘要

Legum Magister, or LL.M., degrees have come under increasing criticism in recent years in the United States. Observers have accused law schools of offering these and other graduate law degrees simply to increase revenue, and argue that they provide no value to graduates as they are not respected in the traditional legal services market. Despite these negative appraisals, the number, size, and types of these programs have continued to grow rapidly. While much has been written criticizing this growth, almost nothing has been written on how and why these programs came into existence, even though a number of law schools claim that their programs were founded over a century ago. As graduate law programs continue to blossom and law schools attempt to address the rising tide of criticism aimed at them, law school leaders would be well advised to examine the origin and history of these degrees. Is it possible that law schools have been hoodwinking innocent lawyers into getting a useless degree for decades? Who were these degrees originally intended for and who ultimately chose to matriculate into these programs? What were the curricula for these programs like?;Through historical analysis and archival research, this case study of the development of graduate law programs at the University of Pennsylvania reveals that they were founded in response to a perceived need to make the study of law more scholarly, and to ensure that law school training was not wholly confined to the necessities of legal practice. These programs arose amidst a drive toward professionalization and standardization at the turn of the twentieth century that was visible across a wide sector of American society, and reflected one aspect of the long simmering tension between those who viewed law as a scholarly enterprise much like philosophy or political science, and those who viewed it as a trade, to be mastered like medicine or engineering. This disagreement persists to the present day and an examination of the origins of graduate programs vividly illustrates that the study of law has meant different things to different people from the earliest days of legal education.
机译：近年来，在美国，Legum Magister（法学硕士）学位受到越来越多的批评。观察家指责法学院提供这些学位和其他研究生法律学位只是为了增加收入，并辩称他们没有为毕业生提供任何价值，因为他们在传统法律服务市场中没有受到尊重。尽管有这些负面评价，这些程序的数量，规模和类型仍在继续快速增长。尽管已经有很多批评这种增长的文献，但几乎没有关于这些计划的产生方式和原因的文章，尽管许多法学院声称它们的计划建立于一个世纪以前。随着研究生法学课程的不断发展，法学院试图应对针对他们的批评浪潮，建议法学院负责人检查这些学位的由来和历史。几十年来，法学院是否可能一直在欺骗无辜的律师获得无用的学位？这些学位原本是为谁而设计的，谁最终选择了入读这些课程？这些课程的课程是什么样的？通过历史分析和档案研究，宾夕法尼亚大学研究生法律课程发展的案例研究表明，这些课程的建立是为了满足人们对使法律研究更加深入的需求。并确保法学院的培训不完全限于法律实践的必要性。这些计划产生于二十世纪初，在美国社会各界都可以看到，并朝着专业化和标准化的方向迈进，反映了人们之间的长期紧张关系的一个方面，即人们将法律视为像哲学或哲学之类的学术事业。政治科学以及将其视为贸易的人们都需要像医学或工程学那样被精通。这种分歧一直持续到今天，对研究生课程的起源的考察生动地表明，从法律教育的早期开始，法律研究对不同的人意味着不同的事情。

著录项

  • 作者

    Parker, Matthew.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pennsylvania.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pennsylvania.;
  • 学科 Education history.;Law.;Higher education administration.
  • 学位 Ed.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 123 p.
  • 总页数 123
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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