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首页> 外文学位 >Rice Blast Disease in the U.S. and Africa: Determination of Pathogen Diversity and the Identification of Resistance Genes for Disease Management.
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Rice Blast Disease in the U.S. and Africa: Determination of Pathogen Diversity and the Identification of Resistance Genes for Disease Management.

机译：美国和非洲的稻瘟病：病原多样性的确定和抗病基因的鉴定，以用于疾病管理。

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摘要

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (= Pyricularia oryzae) B. Couch, is a leading disease of rice. Magnaporthe oryzae exhibits a high degree of diversity. The diversity of isolates of M. oryzae from Africa and the U.S. were examined using vegetative compatibility and virulence phenotyping as well as determination of variation in the avirulence gene AVRPiz-t in isolates from Africa. Also, evaluation of blast resistance genes in the interspecific rice germplasm "New Rice for Africa" NERICA was done using F2 progeny of the cross of U.S. susceptible cultivar M204 and NERICA 12. The U.S. isolates were in three vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs), whereas isolates from Africa were in one to four VCGs that were unique to each country. Among isolates from the U.S, four pathotypes were distinguished based on differentials with the CO39 genetic background whereas 10 were distinguished based on the differentials with the LTH background. The R gene Pi9 was the most effective against isolates from both Africa and the U.S. Also, interspecific rice cultivars were highly resistant against isolates from both the U.S. and Africa. No single genotype or R gene was effective against all isolates from both Africa and the U.S. Blast control in the U.S could be achieved by introgression of Pi9 and Pi11 into rice cultivars. In West Africa, blast control could be achieved by introgressing Pi9, Pita2 and Pik-m into the rice cultivar F6-36. Alternatively, Pi9, Pik-s and Pik-m, could be introgressed into the rice cultivar FKR62N. For blast control in East Africa, one could introgress Pi9 into NERICA 12 or Pi9 and Piz-5 into NERICA 2. Variation in 10 of the 70 open reading frame (ORF) sequences of AVRPiz-t examined were observed. From the ORF sequences eleven haplotypes were observed with one haplotype comprising 86% of both virulent and avirulent isolates. Six virulent isolates had single nucleotide substitutions, insertions or deletions which altered the amino acid sequences of the ORF that could have caused isolates to be virulent. Based on PCR markers, two R genes, Pib and Pita2 were found in NERICA 12, but NERICA 12 could possibly contain other R genes.
机译：由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病是稻的主要病害。稻瘟病菌表现出高度的多样性。使用营养相容性和毒力表型以及确定非洲分离株中无毒力基因AVRPiz-t的变化，对非洲和美国米曲霉分离株的多样性进行了检查。同样，使用美国易感品种M204和NERICA 12杂交的F2后代对种间水稻种质“非洲新稻” NERICA中的抗瘟基因进行了评估。美国分离株分为三个营养相容性组（VCG），来自非洲的分离株存在于每个国家唯一的一到四个VCG中。在来自美国的分离株中，根据与CO39遗传背景的差异区分了四种病原，而根据与LTH背景的差异则区分了10种。 R基因Pi9对来自非洲和美国的分离株最有效。此外，种间水稻品种对来自美国和非洲的分离株具有高度抗性。没有一个单一的基因型或R基因对来自非洲和美国的所有分离株均有效。通过将Pi9和Pi11渗入水稻品种，可以实现对美国的瘟疫控制。在西非，可以通过将Pi9，Pita2和Pik-m导入水稻F6-36品种来实现对稻瘟病的防治。或者，可以将Pi9，Pik-s和Pik-m插入到水稻品种FKR62N中。为了控制东非地区的爆炸，可以将Pi9插入NERICA 12或Pi9，将Piz-5插入NERICA2。观察到的AVRPiz-t的70个开放阅读框（ORF）序列中有10个存在变异。从ORF序列中观察到11种单倍型，其中一种单倍型包含86％的有毒和无毒分离株。六个有毒力的分离株具有单核苷酸取代，插入或缺失，这会改变ORF的氨基酸序列，这可能会导致分离物具有毒性。根据PCR标记，在NERICA 12中发现了两个R基因Pib和Pita2，但NERICA 12可能含有其他R基因。

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  • 作者

    Rotich, Felix.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Arkansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Arkansas.;
  • 学科 Plant pathology.;Agriculture.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 142 p.
  • 总页数 142
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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