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Supervising a revolution: British ordnance committees, private inventors, and military technology in the Victorian era.

机译：监督革命：维多利亚时期的英国军械委员会，私人发明家和军事技术。

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摘要

This project is a study of the changes in military technology and administration in Great Britain between 1855 and 1907. After a period of quiescence following the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the major militaries of the world began transitioning away from ancien regime muzzle-loading weapons, wooden sailing ships, and precision-drill tactics. England stubbornly lagged behind, however, until the Crimean War triggered an intense period of military technological development. For the next five decades, the nation struggled to understand and harness improvements in ordnance and small-arms, armor for ship and fortress defense, mechanization of materials production, and the myriad other changes brought about by the ongoing Industrial Revolution. The British public played a surprising but largely unexamined role in these changes, making thousands of suggestions for new weapons and other military material to the British War Office.;The British ordnance committees charged with evaluating new ideas and inventions related to military hardware compiled their findings in annual Abstracts of Proceedings, published in bound format from 1857 to 1897. From these and other sources, I have built a database that allows the compilation of statistics on the number of inventors and projects brought before the War Office for consideration, as well as to provide an index to the various topics examined. In addition, I have drawn heavily on many online resources, including the British Newspaper Archive, House of Commons Parliamentary Papers, and texts available from Google Books and other sites.;Using such information, the dissertation examines the British public's interest and participation in weapons development during the second half of the nineteenth century. In addition, the project seeks to put such participation, along with ongoing changes in military administration, in the greater context of the political and financial considerations of the time, as well as Britain's activities on the world stage. Ultimately, it argues that the Victorian era saw the convergence of three different social revolutions: the British governmental revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and the European military revolution. This convergence produced a period of unprecedented public participation in the British weapons development process and fundamentally altered civil-military relationships in the Empire.
机译：该项目是对1855年至1907年英国军事技术和行政管理变化的研究。在拿破仑战争结束后经过一段平静期之后，世界主要军事力量开始从古代政权的枪口武器过渡，木制帆船和精确训练战术。但是，英格兰一直滞后，直到克里米亚战争引发了紧张的军事技术发展时期。在接下来的五十年里，美国一直在努力理解和驾驭军械和小型武器的改进，舰船和堡垒防御的装甲，材料生产的机械化以及正在进行的工业革命带来的无数其他变化。英国公众在这些变化中扮演了令人惊讶但很大程度上未经审查的角色，向英国战争办公室提出了数千种有关新武器和其他军事材料的建议。负责评估与军事硬件有关的新思想和新发明的英国军械委员会汇编了他们的发现。在1857年至1897年以绑定格式出版的年度会议论文摘要中。我从这些来源和其他来源建立了一个数据库，该数据库可用于汇总提交给战争办公室审议的发明人和项目数量的统计数据，以及为所检查的各个主题提供索引。此外，我还大量利用了许多在线资源，包括《英国报纸》档案库，下议院议会文件以及可从Google图书和其他网站获得的文本。使用这些信息，本文研究了英国公众对武器的兴趣和参与情况在19世纪下半叶的发展。此外，该项目旨在将这种参与以及军事管理方面的不断变化纳入当时政治和财政考虑因素以及英国在世界舞台上的活动的更大范围内。最终，它认为维多利亚时代见证了三种不同的社会革命的融合：英国政府革命，工业革命和欧洲军事革命。这种融合导致了一个空前的公众参与英国武器开发进程的时期，并从根本上改变了帝国的军民关系。

著录项

  • 作者

    LeClair, Daniel R.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Houston.;

  • 授予单位 University of Houston.;
  • 学科 Military history.;European history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 437 p.
  • 总页数 437
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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