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A life course investigation of childhood risk patterns and the development of trajectories of competence in early adolescence.

机译：对儿童期风险模式和青春期早期能力发展轨迹的生命过程调查。

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摘要

Background. Extant research strongly supports that exposure to childhood disadvantages can have a detrimental impact on normative developmental trajectories, placing children at-risk for an array of adverse outcomes later in the life course. The cumulative risk index model is a predominant variable-centered approach used to investigate the influence of multiple risk exposures on developmental outcomes. An assumption of this model is that it is the total number of risk variables, rather than any specific type of childhood risk per se, that is most predictive of maladaptive outcomes. Longitudinal risk studies consistently show, however, that not all children exposed to early disadvantage are destined to exhibit poor developmental outcomes. As many as one-third to two-thirds of at-risk children have actually been shown to experience normal development in terms of meeting age-salient task demands---a phenomenon that has been termed resilience or social adaptation. Recent methodological advances are now facilitating pattern-based and person-centered approaches to investigating the influence of multiple risk exposures on developmental outcomes. The motivation of a pattern-based approach is the idea that the patterning of risks holds additional information beyond what a simply tally of the number of risk exposures can reveal, while the motivation of a person-centered approach is the idea that it is individuals, not variables, that develop over time.;Aims/Methods. Taking advantage of recent methodological advances for the analysis of longitudinal data, this study combines latent class analysis with growth curve modeling to investigate whether the patterning of risks during the first eight years of life has distinct consequences for the developmental growth trajectories of academic and behavioral competence. Also examined, is the influence of gender and race/ethnicity on the patterning of risks and on the trajectories of competence, and the influence of latent risk class membership and trajectories of competence on adolescent psychological well-being.;Results. The patterning of risk exposures from birth to age 8 was found to predict the initial level of average academic achievement and antisocial behavior at age 8, and the rate of change in average academic achievement and antisocial behavior over time between ages 8 to 14. Gender and race/ethnicity were found to influence both the patterning of childhood risks and the growth parameters of the development trajectories of academic and behavioral competence in early adolescence. Results for the influence of latent risk class membership and trajectories of competence on adolescent psychological well-being were inconclusive.;Conclusions. Findings from this study support that the patterning of childhood risks holds additional information beyond that revealed by the simply tally of the number of risk exposures. The patterning of childhood risks also has distinct consequences for the developmental trajectories of academic and behavioral competence in early adolescence.
机译：背景。现有的研究强烈支持暴露于儿童期的不利因素会对规范的发展轨迹产生不利影响，使儿童处于生命后期的一系列不良后果中。累积风险指数模型是一种主要的以变量为中心的方法，用于研究多重风险暴露对发展成果的影响。该模型的一个假设是，最能预测不良适应结果的是风险变量的总数，而不是任何特定类型的儿童期风险本身。纵向风险研究始终表明，并非所有处于早期不利地位的儿童注定显示出较差的发育结果。事实证明，多达三分之一至三分之二的处于危险中的儿童在满足具有年龄要求的任务要求方面经历了正常的发展，这种现象被称为韧性或社会适应能力。最近的方法学进步正在促进基于模式和以人为中心的方法，以调查多重风险暴露对发展成果的影响。以模式为基础的方法的动机是这样的想法，即风险的模式可容纳更多的信息，而不仅仅是暴露风险的数量所能揭示的信息，而以人为中心的方法的动机则是它是个人的思想，目标/方法。利用最新的方法学优势对纵向数据进行分析，本研究将潜在类别分析与增长曲线建模相结合，以调查生命头八年内的风险模式是否对学术和行为能力的发展增长轨迹产生明显影响。还考察了性别和种族/民族对风险模式和能力轨迹的影响，以及潜在风险类别成员和能力轨迹对青少年心理健康的影响。发现从出生到8岁的风险暴露模式可预测8岁时平均学业成就和反社会行为的初始水平，以及8岁至14岁之间平均学业成就和反社会行为的变化率。发现种族/民族既影响儿童期风险的模式，也影响青春期早期学业和行为能力发展轨迹的增长参数。潜在风险类别成员资格和能力轨迹对青少年心理健康的影响的结果尚无定论。这项研究的结果支持，儿童期风险的模式除了简单地汇总风险暴露数量所揭示的信息外，还拥有其他信息。儿童期风险的模式也对青春期早期的学术和行为能力的发展轨迹产生了明显的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Thompson, Theresa M.;

  • 作者单位

    The Johns Hopkins University.;

  • 授予单位 The Johns Hopkins University.;
  • 学科 Sociology Individual and Family Studies.;Sociology Social Structure and Development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 272 p.
  • 总页数 272
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 社会学;社会结构和社会关系;
  • 关键词

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