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Nutritional Interventions During Late Gestation and at Weaning to Improve Beef Cattle Performance and Carcass Quality

机译：妊娠后期和断奶期间的营养干预措施，可改善肉牛性能和Car体质量

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摘要

Late gestation and post-weaning are two critical periods a calf needs to receive proper nutrition to insure adequate growth for the rest of the animal's lifespan. Supplementation at these critical time points may be necessary in order to meet nutritional requirements. The objectives of this research were to 1) assess the performance and endocrine regulation of 15 mo old heifers born to dams who were nutrient restricted with or without protein supplementation during the last 100 d of gestation (NRS and NR, respectively) and 2) determine the effects of weaning age, lipid supplementation, and days on lipid supplement on growth, circulating metabolites, and marbling in young steers. In the first study, dams producing heifer calves were either fed to meet requirements (CON), fed to reduced BCS by 1.2 (NR) or fed to reduce BCS by 1.2 and supplemented with protein 3 d/wk (NRS). At 15 mo of age, heifer offspring were subjected to a 10 wk feeding trial in which blood samples and BW were collected bi-weekly. At the end of feeding, 21 randomly subsampled heifers were subjected to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Heifers born to NR dams experienced altered appetite and endocrine regulation compared with heifers born to CON dams. This study indicated that protein supplementation in dams experiencing NR during the last 100 d of gestation may abate the negative effects associated with DMI and glucose regulation because NR heifers experienced increased DMI and signs of insulin resistance whereas NRS heifers exhibited DMI and glucose regulation similar to that of CON heifers. In the second study, steers were either early-weaned 150 +/- 11 d of age (EW) or traditionally weaned at 210 +/- 11 d of age (TW) and assigned to either a rumen-bypass lipid treatment (RBL) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous corn gluten feed treatment ration (CGF). Within each treatment, steers were fed for a duration of either 45 or 90 d. Body weight and blood samples were collected on d 0, 22, 45, 66, and 90. Following the end of treatment steers were harvested at a commercial processing plant where carcass measurements were obtained. Steaks from each animal were used for proximate analysis. Circulating metabolites, marbling content, and specific as well as total fatty acid concentrations were increased in RBL steers compared to CGF steers. Overall, our results indicate that supplementation during late gestation and at weaning improves animal performance and could improve the efficiency of production.
机译：妊娠后期和断奶后是小牛要获得适当营养以确保动物剩余寿命中适当生长的两个关键时期。在这些关键时间点可能需要补充营养，以满足营养需求。这项研究的目的是：1）评估在妊娠的最后100天（分别为NRS和NR）在营养受限或无营养的水坝中出生的15个月龄小母牛的性能和内分泌调节，以及2）确定断奶日龄，补充脂质和补充脂肪的天数对幼小公牛生长，循环代谢产物和大理石花纹的影响。在第一个研究中，给生产小母牛犊的水坝喂食以满足要求（CON），喂饲降低的BCS降低1.2（NR）或喂饲降低的BCS降低1.2并补充蛋白质3 d / wk（NRS）。在15个月大时，对小母牛后代进行了10周的饲养试验，该试验每两周收集一次血样和体重。饲喂结束时，对21个随机抽取的小母牛进行了静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（IVGTT）。与CON水坝出生的小母牛相比，NR水坝出生的小母牛的食欲和内分泌调节发生了变化。这项研究表明，在妊娠的最后100天期间，补充天然蛋白的大坝中蛋白质的补充可能会减轻与DMI和葡萄糖调节有关的负面影响，这是因为NR小母牛的DMI升高和胰岛素抵抗的迹象，而NRS小母牛表现出的DMI和葡萄糖调节类似于CON小母牛。在第二项研究中，ste牛的断奶时间为150 +/- 11 d（EW），或者传统上是210 +/- 11 d（TW），并且被分配了瘤胃旁路脂质治疗（RBL）或等温，等氮玉米面筋饲料处理量（CGF）。在每次处理中，对ers牛的饲喂持续时间为45或90天。在第0、22、45、66和90天收集体重和血液样品。治疗结束后，在商业屠宰场收获ste牛，在那里获得car体测量值。使用每只动物的牛排进行近距离分析。与CGF ers牛相比，RBL ers牛的循环代谢产物，大理石花纹含量以及特定脂肪酸和总脂肪酸浓度均增加。总体而言，我们的结果表明，在妊娠后期和断奶时进行补充可以改善动物的生产性能，并可以提高生产效率。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tipton, Jessie Elizabeth.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 122 p.
  • 总页数 122
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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