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The Effects of Sumac on Saturated Fat-induced Inflammation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Isolated Mesenteric Arteries from Rats

机译：Sumac对饱和脂肪诱导的人血管平滑肌细胞和大鼠离体肠系膜动脉炎症的影响

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摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is characterized by impaired vasodilation and the development of atherosclerosis.78 A diet high in saturated fat, such as palmitate, contributes to this by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). 11,12,84,88 The inflammation cascade that occurs increases pro-inflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and increases proinflammatory enzymes like cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, blood pressure shifts, and atherosclerosis.11,12,69,84 Palmitate has been found to upregulate TNF-alpha,85 and COX-2. 11,12, 84.;In various studies, sumac, a Mediterranean spice and known antioxidant, 39,7,66,67 has been shown to have antioxidant properties through its ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide. 39,7,66,67 Sumac has also been found to reduce TNF-alpha.100 Results from a study of hypertensive human subjects fed a sumac supplement showed a decrease in blood pressure.59.;In the current study, COX-2 levels were determined to evaluate the level of inflammation in response to palmitate when primary aortic human vascular smooth muscle cells (HAoVSM) were treated with sumac. The treatments included: vehicle (bovine serum albumin), 100 microM palmitate, and 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 microg/mL sumac. Sumac did not alter COX-2 protein levels between vehicle and sumac groups. Additional studies were designed to examine whether 80 microg/mL sumac could reverse impaired vasodilation caused by 10 weeks of high fat intake, consisting of 60% of total calories from fat, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mesenteric arteries were isolated and exposed to sumac. High fat diet (HFD) arteries had impaired vasodilation compared to arteries from chow-fed fats. HFD arteries exposed to sumac had similar endothelium-dependent vasodilation responses as those not exposed to sumac, however, there were trends for improved vasodilation. I suggest that sumac likely exhibits antioxidant capabilities that prevent superoxide from decreasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide in the vasculature, thus promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation and preventing the creation of more harmful reactive oxygen species. Isolated arteries from chow fed rats developed irreversible vasodilation when exposed to sumac and were therefore not responsive to pre-constriction with phenylephrine (PE) likely related to nitrates and gallic acid naturally present in sumac whereby inhibiting PE.
机译：心血管疾病（CVD）的特征在于血管舒张功能受损和动脉粥样硬化的发展。78富含饱和脂肪（如棕榈酸酯）的饮食可通过促进人体血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）的炎症和氧化应激而对此作出贡献。 11,12,84,88发生的炎症级联反应增加了促炎性细胞因子，例如肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-alpha），并增加了促炎性酶，例如环氧合酶2（COX-2），从而促进了炎症，氧化应激，血压变化11,12,69,84已发现棕榈酸酯上调TNF-alpha，85和COX-2。 11,12,84 .;在各种研究中，漆树，地中海香料和已知的抗氧化剂39,7,66,67被证明具有抑制活性氧（ROS）（如超氧化物）的能力，具有抗氧化特性。 39,7,66,67还发现Sumac可以降低TNF-α。100接受漆皮补充剂治疗的高血压人的一项研究结果显示血压降低。59.;在当前研究中，COX-2水平确定用舒马酸处理原发性主动脉人血管平滑肌细胞（HAoVSM）时响应棕榈酸酯的炎症水平。处理包括：媒介物（牛血清白蛋白），100 microM棕榈酸酯和10、20、40、60和80 microg / mL漆树。 Sumac不会改变载体和漆树组之间的COX-2蛋白水平。设计了其他研究，以研究Sprague-Dawley大鼠中10微克高脂肪摄入量（占脂肪总卡路里的60％）引起的80微克/毫升漆树酯是否可以逆转血管舒张受损。肠系膜动脉被隔离并暴露于漆膜。与高脂饮食的动脉相比，高脂饮食（HFD）动脉的血管舒张功能受损。暴露于漆膜的HFD动脉的内皮依赖性血管舒张反应与未暴露于漆膜的血管相似，但是存在改善血管舒张的趋势。我认为漆树可能具有抗氧化能力，可以防止超氧化物降低脉管系统中一氧化氮的生物利用度，从而促进内皮依赖性血管舒张并防止产生更多有害的活性氧。咀嚼食物的大鼠的孤立动脉在暴露于漆树中时会发生不可逆的血管舒张，因此对苯肾上腺素（PE）的预收缩无反应，这可能与漆树中天然存在的硝酸盐和没食子酸有关，从而抑制了PE。

著录项

  • 作者

    Barberes, Julia.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Nutrition.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 70 p.
  • 总页数 70
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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