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Materials Science of Blood Clot Formation in Insects: Experimental Methods for a Multiscale In-Situ Investigation

机译：昆虫血块形成的材料科学：多尺度原位研究的实验方法

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摘要

This dissertation is structured around the development of a micro and nano-rheological instrument capable of measuring mPa˙s-level viscosity of nanoliter droplets and micron thick films in a 10-20 second timeframe and using it to study the kinetics of formation of a blood clot in insects. To understand the materials science behind this clot formation, we enrich the microrheological study with studies of extensional rheology of various maturity stages of clots as well as studies of the surface tension isotherms, dynamic surface tensions, and surface rheology. To study the rapidly changing structure of the clots, we employ high magnification microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Overall, we perform a detailed study of physical materials properties and structure of the material, which helps us better understand its outstanding performance. In Chapter 1, we introduce an engineering reader to the biological aspect of the problem and discuss the functionality of the material in an insect body. In Chapter 2, we discuss the importance of understanding multiscale rheology of the material and review the current methodologies available and their limitations with regards to the study of changing insect blood. In chapter 3, we discuss the principle of our methodology and the realization of the device with which we study the nanorheology with high precision and temporal resolution. In chapter 4, we present nanoscale viscosity measurements of blood of adult butterflies and moths: Manduca sexta, Vanessa cardui, and Danaus plexippus and discuss the significant deviations of the viscosities from the viscosity of water. In chapter 5, we present the nanorheological measurements of forming and maturing clots in the blood of M. sexta caterpillars and present the discovery of characteristic times of formation of these clots. In chapter 6, we present and discuss the fibrous and cellular structures of the forming blood clots of M. sexta caterpillars. In chapter 7, we study extensional rheology of forming blood clots of M. sexta caterpillars. In chapter 8, we discuss the structure formed in the clots in response to our extensional experiments and relate that to the functions of the clot constituents. Finally, in chapter 9, we study the materials properties of the surface of hemolymph of adult M. sexta, V. cardui, D. plexippus, and caterpillar M. sexta and relate them to the nano and microrheological measurements we performed on the material. We thus characterize the time-dependent structure-properties-performance triangles of blood and the forming blood clots in the studied insects.
机译：本文围绕微型和纳米流变仪的开发而构建，该仪能够在10-20秒的时间内测量纳升液滴和微米厚膜的mPa·s级粘度，并使用它来研究血液形成的动力学昆虫中的凝块。为了了解凝块形成背后的材料科学，我们通过对各种凝块成熟阶段的延伸流变学以及表面张力等温线，动态表面张力和表面流变学的研究来丰富微观流变学研究。为了研究血块的快速变化结构，我们采用了高倍镜和扫描电镜。总体而言，我们对物理材料的属性和材料结构进行了详细的研究，这有助于我们更好地了解其出色的性能。在第1章中，我们向工程读者介绍了问题的生物学方面，并讨论了昆虫体内该材料的功能。在第2章中，我们讨论了了解材料多尺度流变学的重要性，并回顾了当前可用的方法学及其在改变昆虫血液方面的局限性。在第三章中，我们讨论了我们的方法原理以及实现高精度和时间分辨率研究纳米流变学的装置的实现。在第4章中，我们介绍了成年蝴蝶和飞蛾：Manduca sexta，Vanessa cardui和Danaus plexippus的血液的纳米粘度测量，并讨论了粘度与水粘度的显着偏差。在第5章中，我们介绍了M. sexta毛毛虫血液中形成和成熟的血凝块的纳米流变学测量，并介绍了这些血凝块形成的特征时间的发现。在第6章中，我们介绍并讨论了毛细支气管毛虫形成的血块的纤维和细胞结构。在第7章中，我们研究了M. sexta毛毛虫形成血块的扩展流变学。在第8章中，我们讨论了响应于扩展实验而在血块中形成的结构，并将其与血块成分的功能联系起来。最后，在第9章中，我们研究了成年M. sexta，V。cardui，D。plexippus和毛毛虫M. sexta的淋巴表面的材料性质，并将它们与我们在该材料上进行的纳米和微流变学测量相关联。因此，我们表征了研究昆虫中血液和形成的血块随时间变化的结构-性能-性能三角形。

著录项

  • 作者

    Aprelev, Pavel.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Materials science.;Nanoscience.;Entomology.;Biology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 307 p.
  • 总页数 307
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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