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Three Essays on Occupational Safety and Labor Market Outcomes

机译：关于职业安全与劳动力市场成果的三篇论文

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摘要

This dissertation comprises of three papers on occupational safety and health. Occupational injuries and illnesses are prevalent and costly. To reduce workplace injuries and the associated costs, the government uses workplace inspections and the associated penalties as the primary enforcement tool. This dissertation examines the direct effect of the government enforcement on workplace injuries as well as the indirect effect on labor market outcomes and firm dynamics.;Chapter 1 examines the effect of workplace inspections on workplace safety, product quality, and worker productivity in nursing facilities. The identification strategy exploits the nationwide Site-Specific Targeting (SST) plan of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The SST plan prioritized establishments for inspection if their injury case rates exceeded a threshold, generating a discontinuous increase in inspections at the SST threshold. The identification strategy exploits this discontinuous increase using a regression discontinuity design. The analysis sample is constructed by matching establishment-level data on injury case rates to OSHA inspection records and the quality measures and staffing levels from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). According to the data, the likelihood of inspections increases at the SST threshold by 32 percentage points. The discontinuous increase in inspections is associated with lower injury case rates of the nurses, but worse healthcare quality and lower nurse productivity. The results suggest improving occupational safety may come at the expense of service quality and worker productivity.;Chapter 2 (joint with Perry Singleton) examines the effect of workplace inspections on worker safety. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enforces safety regulations through workplace inspections. We estimate the effect of inspections on worker safety by exploiting a feature of OSHA's Site Specific Targeting plan. The plan targeted establishments for inspection if their baseline case rate exceeded a cutoff. This generated a discontinuous increase in inspections, which we exploit for identification. Using the fuzzy regression discontinuity model, we find that inspections decrease the rate of cases involving days away from work, job restrictions, and job transfers in the calendar year immediately after the inspection cycle. We find no effect for other case rates or in subsequent years. Effects are most evident in manufacturing and less evident in health services, the largest two-digit industries represented in the data.;Chapter 3 examines the effect of financial penalties on workplace safety and worker productivity in coal mines. The variation of the financial penalties comes from the introduction of "flagrant" violations in the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (MINER Act) of 2006. The flagrant violation may lead to a penalty of up to 0.22 million per violation. Using an event-study model, the results show that three to four years after the issuance of a flagrant violation, the injury rates of the miners decreased by a significant 20 percent and worker productivity decreased by 6 percent. The coal mines were 4 percentage points more likely to stop operating. The results suggest the monetary value of the productivity loss is 1.3 times as the costs saved from fewer injuries, which highlights the unintended costs of workplace safety regulations.
机译：本文由三篇有关职业安全与卫生的论文组成。职业伤害和疾病是普遍且昂贵的。为了减少工作场所的伤害和相关的成本，政府将工作场所检查和相关的罚款作为主要的执法工具。本文研究了政府执法对工作场所伤害的直接影响，以及对劳动力市场结果和企业动态的间接影响。第一章研究了工作场所检查对护理设施中工作场所安全，产品质量和工人生产率的影响。识别策略利用了美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）的全国特定地点目标（SST）计划。如果伤病率超过阈值，则SST计划会优先考虑企业进行检查，从而使达到SST阈值的检查不连续地增加。识别策略使用回归不连续性设计来利用这种不连续性增加。分析样本是通过将伤害事故发生率的企业级数据与OSHA检查记录以及医疗保险和医疗补助中心（CMS）的质量措施和人员配备水平进行匹配而构建的。根据数据，在SST阈值下检查的可能性增加了32个百分点。检查次数的不连续增加与护士受伤案例的发生率降低有关，但与医疗保健质量下降和护士生产率下降有关。结果表明，提高职业安全性可能以牺牲服务质量和工人生产力为代价。职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）通过工作场所检查来实施安全法规。我们通过利用OSHA的“针对特定地点的目标”计划的功能来估计检查对工人安全的影响。该计划针对企业的基准病案率超过临界值进行检查。这导致检查的不连续增加，我们将其用于识别。使用模糊回归不连续性模型，我们发现检查在检查周期之后立即减少了日历年中涉及缺勤天数，工作限制和工作调动的案件的比率。我们发现对于其他案件率或以后的年份没有影响。制造业中的影响最明显，而医疗服务中的影响则最不明显，数据代表的是两位数最大的行业。第三章研究了罚款对煤矿工作场所安全和工人生产率的影响。财务罚款的变化来自2006年《矿山改良和新的紧急响应法》（MINER Act）中引入的“公然”违规行为。公然违规行为可能导致每次违规行为最高罚款22万美元。使用事件研究模型，结果表明，在公然违反行为发布后的三到四年，矿工的伤害率下降了20％，工人的生产率下降了6％。煤矿停止运营的可能性增加了4个百分点。结果表明，生产力损失的货币价值是伤害减少所节省的成本的1.3倍，这突显了工作场所安全法规的意外成本。

著录项

  • 作者

    Li, Ling.;

  • 作者单位

    Syracuse University.;

  • 授予单位 Syracuse University.;
  • 学科 Labor economics.;Public policy.;Occupational safety.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 145 p.
  • 总页数 145
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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