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Uncovering the Origins of Human Culture: What Domesticated Dogs Can Teach us about Human Learning

机译:揭示人类文化的起源:驯养的狗可以教给我们关于人类学习的知识

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摘要

Humans have evolved an incredible ability to transmit complex information. Although some non-human species occasionally transmit specific behaviors and customs across individuals, humans have a unique ability to transmit entire domains of knowledge across many generations. In this dissertation, I seek to uncover the origins of this unique ability by pinpointing unique aspects of human learning that support our complex system of cultural transmission. To address this question, I take a comparative approach, comparing human learning to that of domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris)---a species that demonstrates many features of human-like social learning.;In this dissertation, I present three papers with dogs that reveal features of human cognition that have the potential to support our unique human culture. In Chapters 2 and 3, I demonstrate that humans have a unique tendency to privilege ostensive information over other evidence, specifically whether ostensive information is relevant (Chapter 2) and presented by a knowledgeable source (Chapter 3). In Chapter 4, I demonstrate that humans are unique in the extent to which we flexibly seek help depending on our likelihood of solving a problem independently. Although seemingly simple, these two aspects of human cognition have the potential to work in harmony to help sustain the "cultural ratchet effect" that uniquely characterizes human culture and sets us apart from the other great apes.
机译:人类已经发展出了传输复杂信息的惊人能力。尽管某些非人类物种偶尔会在个体之间传递特定的行为和习俗,但人类具有独特的能力,可以跨几代人传播整个知识领域。在这篇论文中,我试图通过指出支持我们复杂的文化传播系统的人类学习的独特方面,来揭示这种独特能力的起源。为了解决这个问题,我采用一种比较方法,将人类的学习与驯养的狗(犬似的)进行了比较,该物种展示了类人的社会学习的许多特征。在这篇论文中,我提出了三篇关于狗的论文揭示了人类认知的特征,这些特征有可能支持我们独特的人类文化。在第2章和第3章中,我证明了人类比其他证据更倾向于特权化表面信息,特别是表面信息是否相关(第2章)并且由知识渊博的人提出(第3章)。在第4章中,我证明了人类在我们根据独立解决问题的可能性灵活寻求帮助的程度上是独一无二的。尽管看似简单,但人类认知的这两个方面仍有可能协调工作,以帮助维持“文化棘手效应”,这种效应是人类文化的独特特征,使我们与其他大猿类区分开。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnston, Angie M.;

  • 作者单位

    Yale University.;

  • 授予单位 Yale University.;
  • 学科 Developmental psychology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 189 p.
  • 总页数 189
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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