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Model development and system optimization to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants.

机译：模型开发和系统优化，以最大程度减少废水处理厂的温室气体排放。

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摘要

As greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reduction has drawn considerable attention, various methods have been established to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In order to establish a design and operational strategy for GHG mitigation, accurate estimates are essential. However, the existing approaches (e.g. the IPCC protocol and national greenhouse gas inventories) do not cover emissions from all sources in WWTPs and are not sufficient to predict facility-level emissions. The ultimate goal of this research was to improve the quantification of GHG emissions from WWTPs. This was accomplished by creating a new mathematical model based on an existing activated sludge model. The first part of the research proposed a stepwise methodology using elemental balances in order to derive stoichiometry for state variables used in a mass balance based whole-plant wastewater treatment plant model. The two main advantages of the elemental balance method are the inclusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the existing model with no mass loss and ease of tracking elemental pathways. The second part of the research developed an integrated model that includes (1) a direct emission model for onsite emissions from treatment processes and (2) an indirect emission model for offsite emissions caused by plant operation. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model was conducted to identify key input parameters. An uncertainty analysis was also carried out using a Monte Carlo simulation, which provided an estimate of the potential variability in GHG estimations. Finally, in the third part, the research identified an optimal operational strategy that resulted in minimizing operating costs and GHG emission, while simultaneously treating the wastewater at better levels. To do this, an integrated performance index (IPI) was proposed to combine the three criteria. The IPI was then incorporated into an optimization algorithm. The results obtained in this research demonstrated that the variation of GHG emissions is significant across the range of practical operational conditions. With system optimization, however, WWTPs have the potential to reduce GHG emissions without raising operating costs or reducing effluent quality. Further research should include a mechanistic examination of processes that produce methane (CH4) in the wastewater treatment stream and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the sludge treatment stream.
机译：随着温室气体排放量（GHG）的减少引起了广泛关注，已经建立了各种方法来估算废水处理厂（WWTP）的温室气体排放量。为了建立减少温室气体的设计和运行策略，准确的估算至关重要。但是，现有方法（例如IPCC协议和国家温室气体清单）并未涵盖污水处理厂所有来源的排放，并且不足以预测设施级的排放。这项研究的最终目标是改善污水处理厂温室气体排放的量化。这是通过基于现有的活性污泥模型创建新的数学模型来实现的。研究的第一部分提出了一种使用元素平衡的逐步方法，以推导基于质量平衡的全厂废水处理厂模型中使用的状态变量的化学计量。元素平衡方法的两个主要优点是将二氧化碳（CO2）包含在现有模型中，且没有质量损失，并且易于追踪元素路径。研究的第二部分开发了一个集成模型，该模型包括（1）处理过程中现场排放的直接排放模型，以及（2）工厂运行造成的异地排放的间接排放模型。对提出的模型进行了敏感性分析，以识别关键输入参数。还使用蒙特卡洛模拟进行了不确定性分析，该模拟提供了温室气体估算中潜在变异性的估算。最后，在第三部分中，研究确定了一种最佳的运营策略，该策略可以最大程度地降低运营成本和温室气体排放，同时可以更好地处理废水。为此，提出了一个综合性能指标（IPI）以结合这三个标准。然后将IPI合并到优化算法中。这项研究获得的结果表明，在实际操作条件范围内，温室气体排放量的变化非常明显。但是，通过系统优化，污水处理厂有潜力在不增加运营成本或降低废水质量的情况下减少温室气体排放。进一步的研究应包括对废水处理流中产生甲烷（CH4）和污泥处理流中产生一氧化二氮（N2O）的过程进行机械检查。

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  • 作者

    Kim, Dongwook.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.;Engineering General.;Engineering Chemical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 157 p.
  • 总页数 157
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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